Relative odds  P value

Operative mortality Non–upper-lobe predominance (radiologist) 2.99 .009
Pulmonary morbidity Age in years 1.05 .02
FEV1 % predicted 0.97 .05
DLCO % predicted 0.97 .01
Cardiovascular morbidity Age in years 1.07 .004
Oral steroid use 1.72 .04
Non–upper-lobe predominance (QIA {alpha} measure) 2.67 <.001

FEV 1 , Forced expiratory volume in 1 second; D LCO , diffusion capacity; QIA, quantitative image analysis.