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The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Vol 101, 569-583, Copyright © 1991 by The American Association for Thoracic Surgery and The Western Thoracic Surgical Association


ARTICLES

The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. III. Development of a definitive surgical procedure

JL Cox, RB Schuessler, HJ D'Agostino Jr, CM Stone, BC Chang, ME Cain, PB Corr and JP Boineau
Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, Mo 63110.

On the basis of the known electrophysiologic mechanisms of atrial fibrillation, multiple surgical procedures were designed and tested in dogs to determine the feasibility of developing a surgical cure for human atrial fibrillation. These experimental studies culminated in a surgical approach that effectively creates an electrical maze in the atrium. The atrial incisions prevent atrial reentry and allow sinus impulses to activate the entire atrial myocardium, thereby preserving atrial transport function postoperatively. Since September 1987, this surgical procedure has been applied in seven patients, five with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation of 2 to 9 years' duration and two with chronic atrial fibrillation of 3 and 10 years' duration. All seven patients have been cured of atrial fibrillation and none is receiving any postoperative antiarrhythmic medications.


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J. Alex and L. Guvendik
Evaluation of Ventral Cardiac Denervation As a Prophylaxis Against Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2005; 79(2): 517 - 520.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
T. Sueda, K. Imai, K. Orihashi, K. Okada, K. Ban, and M. Hamamoto
Midterm Results of Pulmonary Vein Isolation for the Elimination of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation
Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2005; 79(2): 521 - 525.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
G. Golovchiner, A. Mazur, A. Kogan, B. Strasberg, Y. Shapira, M. Fridman, J. Kuzniec, B. A. Vidne, and E. Raanani
Atrial Flutter After Surgical Radiofrequency Ablation of the Left Atrium for Atrial Fibrillation
Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2005; 79(1): 108 - 112.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
V. Lad
Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter After Atrial Compartment Operation: Modified Atrial Incisions and Role of Amiodarone
Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2005; 79(1): 389 - 389.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
S. L. Gaynor, R. B. Schuessler, M. S. Bailey, Y. Ishii, J. P. Boineau, M. J. Gleva, J. L. Cox, and R. J. Damiano Jr
Surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation: Predictors of late recurrence
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., January 1, 2005; 129(1): 104 - 111.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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NEJMHome page
R. L. Page
Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation
N. Engl. J. Med., December 2, 2004; 351(23): 2408 - 2416.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.Home page
S. Benussi
Treatment of atrial fibrillation
Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., December 1, 2004; 26(Suppl_1): S39 - S41.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
S. L. Gaynor, Y. Ishii, M. D. Diodato, S. M. Prasad, K. M. Barnett, N. R. Damiano, G. D. Byrd, S. A. Wickline, R. B. Schuessler, and R. J. Damiano Jr
Successful Performance of Cox-Maze Procedure on Beating Heart Using Bipolar Radiofrequency Ablation: A Feasibility Study in Animals
Ann. Thorac. Surg., November 1, 2004; 78(5): 1671 - 1677.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.Home page
M. Knaut, S. M. Tugtekin, F. Jung, and K. Matschke
Microwave ablation for the surgical treatment of permanent atrial fibrillation--a single centre experience
Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., October 1, 2004; 26(4): 742 - 746.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
S. L. Gaynor, M. D. Diodato, S. M. Prasad, Y. Ishii, R. B. Schuessler, M. S. Bailey, N. R. Damiano, J. B. Bloch, M. R. Moon, and R. J. Damiano Jr
A prospective, single-center clinical trial of a modified Cox maze procedure with bipolar radiofrequency ablation
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., October 1, 2004; 128(4): 535 - 542.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CirculationHome page
Y. Ishii, M. J. Gleva, M. C. Gamache, R. B. Schuessler, J. P. Boineau, M. S. Bailey, and R. J. Damiano Jr
Atrial Tachyarrhythmias After the Maze Procedure: Incidence and Prognosis
Circulation, September 14, 2004; 110(11_suppl_1): II-164 - II-168.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Asian Cardiovasc. Thorac. Ann.Home page
B. Chiappini, R. Di Bartolomeo, and G. Marinelli
Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: Different Approaches
Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, September 1, 2004; 12(3): 272 - 277.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
G. G. de Lima, R. A. K. Kalil, T. L. L. Leiria, D. M. Hatem, C. L. Kruse, R. Abrahao, J. R. M. Sant'anna, P. R. Prates, and I. A. Nesralla
Randomized study of surgery for patients with permanent atrial fibrillation as a result of mitral valve disease
Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 2004; 77(6): 2089 - 2094.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.Home page
G. Troise, M. Cirillo, F. Brunelli, G. Tasca, A. Amaducci, Z. Mhagna, M. Dalla Tomba, and E. Quaini
Mid-term results of cardiac autotransplantation as method to treat permanent atrial fibrillation and mitral disease
Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., June 1, 2004; 25(6): 1025 - 1031.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
G. Bisleri, D. W. Vigilance, J. A. Morgan, and M. Argenziano
Efficacy of the "box" lesion pattern in the treatment of atrial fibrillation in the presence of mitral valve disease
Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 2004; 77(5): 1879 - 1880.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
T. Nitta, Y. Ishii, Y. Miyagi, H. Ohmori, S.-i. Sakamoto, and S. Tanaka
Concurrent multiple left atrial focal activations with fibrillatory conduction and right atrial focal or reentrant activation as the mechanism in atrial fibrillation
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., March 1, 2004; 127(3): 770 - 778.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
H. T. Sie, W. P. Beukema, A. Elvan, and A. R. Ramdat Misier
Long-term results of irrigated radiofrequency modified maze procedure in 200 patients with concomitant cardiac surgery: six years experience
Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2004; 77(2): 512 - 517.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
B. Chiappini, S. Martin-Suarez, A. LoForte, G. Arpesella, R. Di Bartolomeo, and G. Marinelli
Cox/Maze III operation versus radiofrequency ablation for the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation: a comparative study
Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2004; 77(1): 87 - 92.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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HeartHome page
S Yuda, S Nakatani, Y Kosakai, T Satoh, Y Goto, M Yamagishi, K Bando, S Kitamura, and K Miyatake
Mechanism of improvement in exercise capacity after the maze procedure combined with mitral valve surgery
Heart, January 1, 2004; 90(1): 64 - 69.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
B. Chiappini, S. Martin-Suarez, A. LoForte, R. Di Bartolomeo, and G. Marinelli
Surgery for atrial fibrillation using radiofrequency catheter ablation
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 2003; 126(6): 1788 - 1791.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
S. M. Prasad, H. S. Maniar, C. J. Camillo, R. B. Schuessler, J. P. Boineau, T. M. Sundt III, J. L. Cox, and R. J. Damiano Jr
The Cox maze III procedure for atrial fibrillation: long-term efficacy in patients undergoing lone versus concomitant procedures
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 2003; 126(6): 1822 - 1827.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
G. Bonanomi, D. Schwartzman, D. Francischelli, K. Hebsgaard, and M. A. Zenati
A new device for beating heart bipolar radiofrequency atrial ablation
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 2003; 126(6): 1859 - 1866.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
R. J. Damiano Jr, S. L. Gaynor, M. Bailey, S. Prasad, J. L. Cox, J. P. Boineau, and R. P. Schuessler
The long-term outcome of patients with coronary disease and atrial fibrillation undergoing the cox maze procedure
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 2003; 126(6): 2016 - 2021.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Eur Heart JHome page
L. Thomas, A. Boyd, S. P. Thomas, N. B. Schiller, and D. L. Ross
Atrial structural remodelling and restoration of atrial contraction after linear ablation for atrial fibrillation
Eur. Heart J., November 1, 2003; 24(21): 1942 - 1951.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
N. Doll, B. B. Kiaii, A. M. Fabricius, J. Bucerius, P. Kornherr, R. Krakor, J. F. Gummert, T. Walther, and F. W. Mohr
Intraoperative left atrial ablation (for atrial fibrillation) using a new argon cryocatheter: early clinical experience
Ann. Thorac. Surg., November 1, 2003; 76(5): 1711 - 1715.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
J. Raman, S. Ishikawa, M. M. Storer, and J. M. Power
Surgical radiofrequency ablation of both atria for atrial fibrillation: results of a multicenter trial
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., November 1, 2003; 126(5): 1357 - 1365.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J Am Coll CardiolHome page
M. E. Cain and M. N. Faddis
Mapping atrial fibrillation: Uncertainty despite resolution
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 16, 2003; 42(2): 361 - 363.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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Cardiovasc ResHome page
H. T Sie, W. P Beukema, A. Elvan, and A. R Ramdat Misier
New strategies in the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation
Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 2003; 58(3): 501 - 509.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
N. Kondo, K. Takahashi, M. Minakawa, and K. Daitoku
Left atrial maze procedure: a useful addition to other corrective operations
Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 2003; 75(5): 1490 - 1494.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
G. Vignati, G. Crupi, V. Vanini, F. S. Iorio, A. Borghi, and S. Giusti
Surgical treatment of arrhythmias related to congenital heart diseases
Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 2003; 75(4): 1194 - 1199.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.Home page
R. G. Demaria, P. Page, T. K. Leung, M. Dubuc, O. Malo, M. Carrier, and L. P. Perrault
Surgical radiofrequency ablation induces coronary endothelial dysfunction in porcine coronary arteries
Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., March 1, 2003; 23(3): 277 - 282.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
S. P. Thomas, D. J.R. Guy, A. C. Boyd, V. E. Eipper, D. L. Ross, and R. B. Chard
Comparison of epicardial and endocardial linear ablation using handheld probes
Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2003; 75(2): 543 - 548.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
H. Kubota, S. Takamoto, T. Morota, T. Ohtsuka, N. Motomura, Y. Kotsuka, and K. Sudo
Epicardial pulmonary vein isolation by cryoablation as concomitant cardiac operation to treat nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2003; 75(2): 590 - 593.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Postgrad. Med. J.Home page
S K S Lairikyengbam, M H Anderson, and A G Davies
Present treatment options for atrial fibrillation
Postgrad. Med. J., February 1, 2003; 79(928): 67 - 73.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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EuropaceHome page
E. R. Jessurun, J. M. T. de Bakker, N. M. van Hemel, T. Opthof, A. C. Linnenbank, P. F. H. M. van Dessel, J. J. A. M. T. Defauw, and A. B. de la Riviere
Right atrial modification of maze surgery does not affect refractoriness and conduction patterns of human lone atrial fibrillation
Europace, January 1, 2003; 5(1): 39 - 46.
[Abstract] [PDF]




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