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The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Vol 101, 584-592, Copyright © 1991 by The American Association for Thoracic Surgery and The Western Thoracic Surgical Association

ARTICLES

The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. IV. Surgical technique

JL Cox
Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, Mo 63110.

The operative technique for the current surgical procedure of creating an electrical maze for the treatment of atrial fibrillation is described in a sequential fashion. The accompanying diagrams of the procedure are drawn from the view of the operating surgeon.


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M. A. Mitchell, I. D. McRury, and D. E. Haines
Linear Atrial Ablations in a Canine Model of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation : Morphological and Electrophysiological Observations
Circulation, March 31, 1998; 97(12): 1176 - 1185.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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J. Kobayashi, Y. Kosakai, K. Nakano, Y. Sasako, K. Eishi, and F. Yamamoto
Improved success rate of the maze procedure in mitral valve disease by new criteria for patients' selection
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, March 1, 1998; 13(3): 247 - 252.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
K.-B. Kim, C.-H. Lee, C.-H. Kim, Y.-J. Cha, S. :, and J. L. Cox
Effect of the Cox maze procedure on the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., January 1, 1998; 115(1): 139 - 147.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
W.-C. Yu, S.-A. Chen, C.-T. Tai, A.-N. Feng, and M.-S. Chang
Effects of Different Atrial Pacing Modes on Atrial Electrophysiology : Implicating the Mechanism of Biatrial Pacing in Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation
Circulation, November 4, 1997; 96(9): 2992 - 2996.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 HeartHome page
K. Fukushima, T. Emori, W. Shimizu, T. Kurita, N. Aihara, Y. Kosakai, F. Isobe, K. Shimomura, Y. Kawashima, and T. Ohe
Delayed improvement of autonomic nervous abnormality after the Maze procedure: time and frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability using 24 hour Holter monitoring
Heart, November 1, 1997; 78(5): 499 - 504.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
J. Kamata, K. Kawazoe, H. Izumoto, H. Kitahara, Y. Shiina, Y. Sato, K. Nakai, T. Ohkubo, I. Tsuji, and K. Hiramori
Predictors of Sinus Rhythm Restoration After Cox Maze Procedure Concomitant With Other Cardiac Operations
Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 1997; 64(2): 394 - 398.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 CirculationHome page
P. Jais, M. Haissaguerre, D. C. Shah, S. Chouairi, L. Gencel, M. Hocini, and J. Clementy
A Focal Source of Atrial Fibrillation Treated by Discrete Radiofrequency Ablation
Circulation, February 4, 1997; 95(3): 572 - 576.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 CirculationHome page
E. N. Prystowsky, D. W. Benson Jr, V. Fuster, R. G. Hart, G. N. Kay, R. J. Myerburg, G. V. Naccarelli, and D. G. Wyse
Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation : A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Subcommittee on Electrocardiography and Electrophysiology, American Heart Association
Circulation, March 15, 1996; 93(6): 1262 - 1277.
[Full Text]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
J. L. Blackshear and J. A. Odell
Appendage Obliteration to Reduce Stroke in Cardiac Surgical Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 1996; 61(2): 755 - 759.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
A. Harada, K. Sasaki, T. Fukushima, M. Ikeshita, T. Asano, S. Yamauchi, S. Tanaka, and T. Shoji
Atrial Activation During Chronic Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Isolated Mitral Valve Disease
Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 1996; 61(1): 104 - 112.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
P. R. Vogt, E. Oechslin, T. Tkebuchava, L. K. von Segesser, and M. I. Turina
Heart Transplantation With Bicaval Anastomoses After a Maze Operation
Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 1996; 61(1): 224 - 225.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 CirculationHome page
Y. Kosakai, A. T. Kawaguchi, F. Isobe, Y. Sasako, K. Nakano, K. Eishi, Y. Kito, and Y. Kawashima
Modified Maze Procedure for Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Simultaneous Open Heart Surgery
Circulation, November 1, 1995; 92(9): 359 - 364.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
T. Itoh, H. Okamoto, T. Nimi, S. Morita, M. Sawazaki, Y. Ogawa, T. Asakura, K. Yasuura, T. Abe, and M. Murase
Left atrial function after Cox's maze operation concomitant with mitral valve operation
Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 1995; 60(2): 354 - 360.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
F. Gregori Jr, C. O. Cordeiro, W. J. Couto, S. S. da Silva, W. K. de Aquino, and A. Nechar Jr
Cox maze operation without cryoablation for the treatment of chronic atrial fibrillation
Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 1995; 60(2): 361 - 364.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
J. L. Cox, J. P. Boineau, R. B. Schuessler, R. D. B. Jaquiss, and D. G. Lappas
MODIFICATION OF THE MAZE PROCEDURE FOR ATRIAL FLUTTER AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATIONI. Rationale and surgical results
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., August 1, 1995; 110(2): 473 - 484.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
J. L. Cox, R. D. B. Jaquiss, R. B. Schuessler, and J. P. Boineau
MODIFICATION OF THE MAZE PROCEDURE FOR ATRIAL FLUTTER AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATIONII. Surgical technique of the maze III procedure
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., August 1, 1995; 110(2): 485 - 495.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 CirculationHome page
J. Tamai, Y. Kosakai, T. Yoshioka, E. Ohnishi, H. Takaki, Y. Okano, and Y. Kawashima
Delayed Improvement in Exercise Capacity With Restoration of Sinoatrial Node Response in Patients After Combined Treatment With Surgical Repair for Organic Heart Disease and the Maze Procedure for Atrial Fibrillation
Circulation, May 1, 1995; 91(9): 2392 - 2399.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
J. C. Laschinger, M. W. Vannier, S. Gronemeyer, F. Gutierrez, M. Rosenbloom, and J. L. Cox
Noninvasive three-dimensional reconstruction of the heart and great vessels by ECG-gated magnetic resonance imaging: A new diagnostic modality
Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 1995; 59(2): 542 - 543.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
Y. Kosakai, A. T. Kawaguchi, F. Isobe, Y. Sasako, K. Nakano, K. Eishi, N. Tanaka, Y. Kito, and Y. Kawashima
Cox maze procedure for chronic atrial fibrillation associated with mitral valve disease
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 1994; 108(6): 1049 - 1055.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
J. L. Cox, J. P. Boineau, R. B. Schuessler, K. M. Kater, and D. G. Lappas
From fisherman to fibrillation: An unbroken line of progress
Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 1994; 58(4): 1269 - 1273.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
J. L. Cox
Combined treatment of mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation with valvuloplasty and a left atrial maze procedure
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., February 1, 1994; 107(2): 622 - 624.
[Full Text]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
J. L. Cox, J. P. Boineau, R. B. Schuessler, K. M. Kater, and D. G. Lappas
Five-year experience with the maze procedure for atrial fibrillation
Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 1993; 56(4): 814 - 824.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
S. Yamauchi, R. B. Schuessler, T. Kawamoto, T. A. Shuman, J. P. Boineau, and J. L. Cox
Use of intraoperative mapping to optimize surgical ablation of atrial flutter
Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 1993; 56(2): 337 - 342.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
J. L. Cox
Evolving applications of the maze procedure for atrial fibrillation
Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 1993; 55(3): 578 - 580.
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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
L. I. Bonchek, M. W. Burlingame, S. J. Worley, B. E. Vazales, and E. F. Lundy
Cox/maze procedure for atrial septal defect with atrial fibrillation: Management strategies
Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 1993; 55(3): 607 - 610.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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