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The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Vol 103, 453-462, Copyright © 1992 by The American Association for Thoracic Surgery and The Western Thoracic Surgical Association
TH Wareing, VG Davila-Roman, B Barzilai, SF Murphy and NT Kouchoukos
Embolization of atheroma from the ascending aorta is a principal cause of
stroke after cardiac operations. We have previously shown that
intraoperative ultrasonographic scanning of the aorta rapidly, safely, and
accurately identifies atheromatous disease in the ascending aorta.
Intraoperative ultrasonography of the ascending aorta was performed in 500
of a consecutive series of 540 patients 50 years of age or older (mean 68
years) who underwent a variety of cardiac operations. Eighty- nine percent
required bypass grafting. Sixty-eight patients (13.6% of the total) with a
mean age of 72 years (range 55 to 85 years) had significant atheromatous
disease in the ascending aorta and were considered to be at increased risk
for embolization. Palpation identified the atheromatous disease in only 26
(38%) of these patients and underestimated its severity. A total of 168
modifications in the standard techniques for cannulation and clamping of
the aorta were implemented in the 68 patients (mean 2.5 per patient) and
included alterations in the sites of aortic cannulation (50 patients),
aortic clamping (54 patients), attachment of the vein grafts (35 patients),
and cannulation for infusion of cardioplegic solution (29 patients). Ten
patients with severe diffuse atheromatous disease underwent graft
replacement of the ascending aorta with hypothermic circulatory arrest
without aortic clamping. Fourteen patients with symptoms or with high-
grade carotid artery occlusive disease were treated by concomitant carotid
endarterectomy. Thirty-day mortality for the entire group was 3.4% (17
patients). Permanent neurologic deficits occurred in five (1.0%) of the
patients in the entire group but in none of the 68 patients with
significant atheromatous disease in whom modifications in technique were
used. One patient in the latter group had a reversible ischemic neurologic
deficit. Modification of standard cannulation and clamping techniques based
on ultrasonography may reduce the frequency of stroke related to
atheromatous embolization.
ARTICLES
Management of the severely atherosclerotic ascending aorta during cardiac operations. A strategy for detection and treatment
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo.
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V. G. Davila-Roman, S. F. Murphy, N. J. Nickerson, N. T. Kouchoukos, K. B. Schechtman, and B. Barzilai Atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta is an independent predictor of long-term neurologic events and mortality J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 1, 1999; 33(5): 1308 - 1316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. M. Murkin Strategies and Techniques for Neuroprotection in Coronary Artery Surgery Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, March 1, 1999; 3(1): 4 - 8. [Abstract] [PDF]
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C. W. Hogue JR, B. Barzilai, and V. G. Davila-Roman Stroke Reduction: Diagnosis and Management of the Atherosclerotic Ascending Aorta During Cardiac Surgery Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, March 1, 1999; 3(1): 17 - 24. [Abstract] [PDF]
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 R. L. Wolman, N. A. Nussmeier, A. Aggarwal, M. S. Kanchuger, G. W. Roach, M. F. Newman, C. M. Mangano, K. E. Marschall, C. Ley, D. M. Boisvert, et al. Cerebral Injury After Cardiac Surgery : Identification of a Group at Extraordinary Risk Stroke, March 1, 1999; 30(3): 514 - 522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Ura, R. Sakata, Y. Nakayama, T.-A. Miyamoto, and T. Goto Extracorporeal circulation before and after ultrasonographic evaluation of the ascending aorta Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 1999; 67(2): 478 - 483. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Okita, M. Ando, K. Minatoya, S. Kitamura, S. Takamoto, and N. Nakajima Predictive factors for mortality and cerebral complications in arteriosclerotic aneurysm of the aortic arch Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 1999; 67(1): 72 - 78. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. G. Davila-Roman, N. T. Kouchoukos, K. B. Schechtman, and B. Barzilai ATHEROSCLEROSIS OF THE ASCENDING AORTA IS A PREDICTOR OF RENAL DYSFUNCTION AFTER CARDIAC OPERATIONS J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., January 1, 1999; 117(1): 111 - 116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Keeley and C. Grines Scraping of aortic debris by coronary guiding catheters: A prospective evaluation of 1,000 cases J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 1998; 32(7): 1861 - 1865. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. W. Akins Combined carotid endarterectomy and coronary revascularization operation Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 1998; 66(4): 1483 - 1484. [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. C. King, R. C. Kanithanon, K. S. Shockey, W. D. Spotnitz, C. G. Tribble, and I. L. Kron Replacing the atherosclerotic ascending aorta is a high-risk procedure Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 1998; 66(2): 396 - 401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. R. Baribeau, B. M. Westbrook, D. C. Charlesworth, and C. T. Maloney Arterial inflow via an axillary artery graft for the severely atheromatous aorta Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 1998; 66(1): 33 - 37. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Ringgaard, T. Madsen, E. M Pedersen, H. Stodkilde-Jorgensen, H. Nygaard, and J M. Hasenkam Quantitative evaluation of flow patterns in perfusion cannulae by a new magnetic resonance imaging method Perfusion, December 1, 1997; 12(6): 411 - 416. [Abstract] [PDF]
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H. Ogino, Y. Ueda, K. Morioka, K. Matsubayashi, and T. Nomoto Mitral Valve Repair in a Patient With Severe Porcelain Aorta Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 1997; 64(4): 1179 - 1181. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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DavidP. Bichell, J. M. Balaguer, S. F. Aranki, G. S. Couper, D. H. Adams, R. J. Rizzo, J. J. Collins Jr, and L. H. Cohn Axilloaxillary Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Practical Alternative to Femorofemoral Bypass Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 1997; 64(3): 702 - 705. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. Barbut, Y.-W. Lo, G. S. Hartman, F.-S. F. Yao, R. R. Trifiletti, D. N. Hager, R. B. Hinton, J. P. Gold, and O. W. Isom Aortic Atheroma Is Related to Outcome but Not Numbers of Emboli During Coronary Bypass Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 1997; 64(2): 454 - 459. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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L. Shore-Lesserson and S. N. Konstadt Aortic Atherosclerosis: Should We Bother to Look for It? Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, March 1, 1997; 1(1): 39 - 48. [PDF]
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J. H. Stevens, T. A. Burdon, L. C. Siegel, W. S. Peters, M. F. Pompili, F. G. St. Goar, G. J. Berry, G. H. Ribakove, M. A. Vierra, R. S. Mitchell, et al. Port-Access Coronary Artery Bypass With Cardioplegic Arrest: Acute and Chronic Canine Studies Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 1996; 62(2): 435 - 440. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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R. M. Bojar, D. D. Payne, R. E. Murphy, S. L. Schwartz, J. R. Belden, L. R. Caplan, and H. Rastegar Surgical Treatment of Systemic Atheroembolism From the Thoracic Aorta Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 1996; 61(5): 1389 - 1393. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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L. G. Svensson, J. Sun, H. A. Cruz, and D. M. Shahian Endarterectomy for Calcified Porcelain Aorta Associated With Aortic Valve Stenosis Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 1996; 61(1): 149 - 152. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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R. C Groom, A. G Hill, B. Kuban, W. Oneill, B. F Akl, A. M Speir, J. Koningsberg, G. T Sprissler, M. Shakoor, P. S Massimiano, et al. Aortic cannula velocimetry Perfusion, May 1, 1995; 10(3): 183 - 188. [PDF]
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C. I. Blauth Macroemboli and microemboli during cardiopulmonary bypass Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 1995; 59(5): 1300 - 1303. [Abstract] [PDF]
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A. J. Bryan, B. Barzilai, and N. T. Kouchoukos Transesophageal echocardiography and adult cardiac operations Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 1995; 59(3): 773 - 779. [Abstract] [PDF]
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R. E. Clark, J. Brillman, D. A. Davis, M. R. Lovell, T. R. P. Price, and G. J. Magovern MD Microemboli during coronary artery bypass grafting: Genesis and effect on outcome J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., February 1, 1995; 109(2): 249 - 258. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. A. Mills Cerebral injury and cardiac operations Ann. Thorac. Surg., November 1, 1993; 56(5_suppl_1): S86 - S91. [Abstract] [PDF]
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