The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Vol 104, 495-501, Copyright © 1992 by The American Association for Thoracic Surgery and The Western Thoracic Surgical Association
Limitations and pitfalls in the assessment of prosthetic valves with Doppler ultrasonography
J Chambers and P Deverall
Department of Adult Echocardiography, Guy's Hospital, London, England.
Normal Doppler-derived data for new prosthetic designs are currently
gathered after marketing. Therefore the cardiologist needing to assess a
new valve may need to equate Doppler results with data gathered invasively
during premarket testing. This invites error because catheterization and
Doppler ultrasonography are not always directly comparable. This review
discusses difficulties in defining normal prosthetic function and problems
arising from the comparison of catheter and Doppler data. It concludes that
(1) the hemodynamic formulas in current use have limitations when applied
to normally functioning prosthetic valves, (2) patterns of normal
regurgitation differ widely between different valve designs and may
occasionally resemble paraprosthetic leaks, (3) there is a good case for
reporting only raw Doppler data rather than derived pressure drop or
effective orifice area, (4) a new prosthetic design should be tested in
vivo with Doppler ultrasonography before marketing, and (5) nonprosthetic
factors affecting Doppler data and flow information should always be given.