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J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994;107:1403-1409
© 1994 Mosby, Inc.

GENERAL THORACIC SURGERY

Exercise cardiorespiratory function before and one year after operation for pectus excavatum

Nijmegen, The Netherlands

From the Departments of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery,^a Diagnostic Radiology,^c and Medical Statistics,^d University Hospital Nijmegen, and University Lung Centre Dekkerswald,^b Groesbeek, The Netherlands.

Received for publication Aug. 18, 1993. Accepted for publication Nov. 12, 1993. Address for reprints: W. J. Morshuis, MD, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital St. Radboud, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Abstract

In 35 patients with pectus excavatum (aged 17.9 ± 5.6 years) pulmonary function and maximal exercise test results were compared before and at 1 year after operation. The lower posteroanterior chest diameter on the lateral x-ray film was significantly smaller than normal ( p < 0.0001) and increased significantly after operation ( p < 0.0001). Preoperatively, total lung capacity (86.0% ± 14.4%; p = 0.0001) and inspiratory vital capacity (79.7% ± 16.2; p = 0.0001) were significantly smaller than predicted and further decreased after operation (-9.2% ± 9.2%; p = 0.0001 and -6.6% ± 10.7%; p = 0.0012, respectively). Arterial blood gas values displayed normal patterns with increasing exercise both before and after operation. Only the arterial pH decreased more after operation than before ( p = 0.0026). After operation there was a significant increase in maximal oxygen uptake (oxygen uptake; p = 0.0002 and oxygen uptake per kilogram; p = 0.0025) and oxygen pulse (oxygen uptake/heart rate approximates an indirect parameter for stroke volume; p = 0.0333) during exercise, whereas the maximal work performed was unchanged. Efficiency of breathing (ratio of tidal volume/inspiratory vital capacity) at maximal exercise improved significantly after operation ( p = 0.0005). Ventilatory limitation of exercise (defined by an increase in carbon dioxide tension during exercise) was found in 43.9% of the patients before operation. A tendency of improvement was noted (not significant) after operation (difference in carbon dioxide tension 0.6 ± 0.4 kPa before versus 0.3 ± 0.5 kPa after operation). However, the group with normal preoperative carbon dioxide elimination had a ventilatory limitation of exercise after operation (difference in carbon dioxide tension -0.4 ± 0.3 kPa before versus -0.1 ± 0.3 kPa after operation; p = 0.0128) with a significant increase in oxygen consumption ( p = 0.0007). In conclusion the subjective physical improvement after operation is not explained by changes in cardiorespiratory function at exercise. The data suggest a higher work of breathing after operation. (J THORAC CARDIOVASC SURG 1994;107:1403-9)

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