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J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995;109:66-73
© 1995 Mosby, Inc.

CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS, MYOCARDIAL MANAGEMENT, AND SUPPORT TECHNIQUES

Endothelial cell–lined skeletal muscle ventricles in circulation

Detroit, Mich., and Milwaukee, Wis.

Supported by National Institutes grant HL34778, American Heart Association grant-in-aid, Wisconsin Chapter (P.I.L., D.C.), and National Institutes National Research Service award HL08384, (G.A.T.).

Address for reprints: Larry W. Stephenson, MD, Suite 228, Harper Professional Building, 3990 John R St., Detroit, MI 48201.

Abstract

Skeletal muscle ventricles were constructed from the latissimus dorsi in six dogs by wrapping the muscle around a polypropylene mandrel. Jugular vein endothelial cells were harvested enzymatically and grown in tissue culture. After 3 weeks of vascular delay and 4 weeks of electrical conditioning, five skeletal muscle ventricles were seeded with 5 to 8 x 10⁶autologous endothelial cells by percutaneous injection of a cellular suspension into the lumen of the skeletal muscle ventricle; one skeletal muscle ventricle was injected with culture medium alone as an unseeded control. The autologous endothelial cells were all prelabeled with a lipid-bound cellular marker, PKH-26. After an additional 4 weeks of electrical conditioning, the mandrels were removed and the skeletal muscle ventricles were connected to the descending thoracic aorta and activated to contract during cardiac diastole at a 1:2 ratio with the heart. After 3 hours of continuous pumping, mean diastolic pressure was increased by 35% (58 ± 7 versus 78 ± 6 mm Hg, p < 0.05). At this time, the skeletal muscle ventricles were excised for histologic examination. Sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin revealed a continuous cellular layer lining the skeletal muscle ventricle; no cells were present on the lumen of the control skeletal muscle ventricle. All seeded skeletal muscle ventricles exhibited fluorescence as a result of the PKH-26 cellular marker. Immunofluorescent staining with antibodies to von Willebrand factor and ultrastructural analysis with an electron microscope confirmed the endothelial character of these cells lining the lumen of the skeletal muscle ventricles. The ability to create endothelial cell–lined muscular pumping chambers holds important implications for the resolution of thrombotic events in cardiac assist devices as well as toward the clinical application of skeletal muscle ventricles. (J THORAC CARDIOVASC SURG 1995;109:66-73)

This article has been cited by other articles:

				G. A. Thomas and L. W. Stephenson Update 2001: Skeletal muscle ventricles: left ventricular apex to aorta configuration Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 2001; 71(5): 1736 - 1737. [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. A. Thomas, H. Lu, S. Isoda, R. L. Hammond, H. Nakajima, H. O. Nakajima, and L. W. Stephenson Skeletal Muscle Ventricles in Circulation: Decreased Incidence of Rupture Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 1996; 61(1): 430 - 436. [Abstract] [Full Text]