|
|
||||||||
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996;111:791-799
© 1996 Mosby, Inc.
GENERAL THORACIC SURGERY |
From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex.
Received for publication May 5, 1995 Revisions requested July 12, 1995; revisions received Nov. 2, 1995 Accepted for publication Nov. 7, 1995. Address for reprints: Kamuran A. Kadipasaoglu, PhD, Texas Heart Institute, MC 1-268, P.O. Box 20345, Houston, TX 77225-0345.
Abstract
We are investigating a new technique for myocardial revascularization in which an 800 W carbon dioxide laser is used to drill 1 mm diameter channels into a beating heart after left thoracotomy. Clotting occludes the channels on the subepicardium, and in the long-term setting, blood from the left ventricular cavity flows through these channels to perfuse the ischemic subendocardium. To test the efficacy of this technique in a preliminary clinical trial, we used it as sole therapy for 21 consecutive patients. All patients had hibernating myocardium, reduced coronary flow reserve, or both, had distal diffuse coronary artery disease, and had angina refractory to normal therapy. Eight patients were excluded from follow-up because of death (n = 5), rerevascularization (n = 2), or diaphragmatic paralysis resulting in postoperative respiratory incapacity (n = 1). In the remaining 13 patients available for follow-up, the mean angina class (Canadian Cardiovascular Society) was 3.7 ± 0.4 before operation and 1.8 ± 0.6 12 months after operation (p < 0.01). Mean resting left ventricular ejection fraction was 48% ± 10% before operation and 50% ± 8% at 12-month follow-up. At 12 months, resting mean subendocardial/subepicardial perfusion ratio had increased by 20% ± 9% in septal regions treated by laser but decreased by 2% ± 5% in untreated regions (n = 11, p < .001). These results suggest that revascularization by this laser technique positively affects subregional myocardial perfusion and may result in clinical benefits for patients with reversible myocardial ischemia. Studies to date have not demonstrated significant changes in global and regional ventricular contractile function. (J THORACCARDIOVASCSURG1996;111:791-9)
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
K. A. Horvath and Y. Zhou Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization and Extravascular Angiogenetic Techniques to Increase Myocardial Blood Flow Card. Surg. Adult, January 1, 2008; 3(2008): 733 - 752. [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
D. Spiegelstein, C. Kim, Y. Zhang, G. Li, R. D. Weisel, R.-K. Li, and T. M. Yau Combined transmyocardial revascularization and cell-based angiogenic gene therapy increases transplanted cell survival Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2007; 293(6): H3311 - H3316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. B. Leon, R. Kornowski, W. E. Downey, G. Weisz, D. S. Baim, R. O. Bonow, R. C. Hendel, D. J. Cohen, E. Gervino, R. Laham, et al. A Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Percutaneous Laser Myocardial Revascularization to Improve Angina Symptoms in Patients With Severe Coronary Disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 15, 2005; 46(10): 1812 - 1819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. A. Horvath, C. Y. J. Lu, E. Robert, G. F. Pierce, R. Greene, B. A. Sosnowski, and J. Doukas Improvement of myocardial contractility in a porcine model of chronic ischemia using a combined transmyocardial revascularization and gene therapy approach J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., May 1, 2005; 129(5): 1071 - 1077. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Galinanes, M. Loubani, P. R. Sensky, A. Hassouna, G. R. Cherryman, J. N. Leverment, and N. J. Samani Efficacy of transmyocardial laser revascularization and thoracic sympathectomy for the treatment of refractory angina Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 2004; 78(1): 122 - 128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. R. Bridges, K. A. Horvath, W. C. Nugent, D. M. Shahian, C. K. Haan, R. J. Shemin, K. B. Allen, and F. H. Edwards The Society of Thoracic Surgeons practice guideline series: transmyocardial laser revascularization Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 2004; 77(4): 1494 - 1502. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Muxi, J. Magrina, F. Martin, M. Josa, D. Fuster, F. J. Setoain, F. Perez-Villa, J. Pavia, and X. Bosch Technetium 99m-labeled tetrofosmin and iodine 123-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy in the assessment of transmyocardial laser revascularization J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., June 1, 2003; 125(6): 1493 - 1498. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Saririan and M. J. Eisenberg Myocardial laser revascularization for the treatment of end-stage coronary artery disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 15, 2003; 41(2): 173 - 183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. J. Schoen and R. F. Padera Jr. Cardiac Surgical Pathology Card. Surg. Adult, January 1, 2003; 2(2003): 119 - 185. [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
M. Ruel, R. A. Kelly, and F. W. Sellke Therapeutic Angiogenesis, Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization, and Cell Therapy Card. Surg. Adult, January 1, 2003; 2(2003): 715 - 750. [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
W. Li, K. Tanaka, Y. Chiba, T. Kimura, K. Morioka, T. Uesaka, A. Ihaya, M. Sasaki, T. Tsuda, and N. Yamada Role of MMPs and plasminogen activators in angiogenesis after transmyocardial laser revascularization in dogs Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2003; 284(1): H23 - H30. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. L. DeMets and R. M. Califf Lessons Learned From Recent Cardiovascular Clinical Trials: Part II Circulation, August 13, 2002; 106(7): 880 - 886. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Meerkin, M. Pellerin, H. T. Aretz, P. Paiement, S. L. Houser, and R. Bonan Transmyocardial coil implants: a novel approach to transmyocardial revascularization Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 2002; 74(2): 488 - 492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Aaberge, K. Rootwelt, S. Blomhoff, K. Saatvedt, M. Abdelnoor, and K. Forfang Continued symptomatic improvement three to five years after transmyocardial revascularization with co2 laser: A late clinical follow-up of the norwegian randomized trial with transmyocardial revascularization J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 15, 2002; 39(10): 1588 - 1593. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. H. Hamawy, L. Y. Lee, S. A. Samy, D. R. Polce, M. Szulc, M. Vazquez, and T. K. Rosengart Transmyocardial laser revascularization dose response: enhanced perfusion in a porcine ischemia model as a function of channel density Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 2001; 72(3): 817 - 822. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
X M Mueller, H T Tevaearai, P Chaubert, C-Y Genton, and L K von Segesser Does laser injury induce a different neovascularisation pattern from mechanical or ischaemic injuries? Heart, June 1, 2001; 85(6): 697 - 701. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
S. Fuchs and R. Kornowski Transepicardial or transendocardial injury: controversies regarding angiogenic potential and mechanism of action Cardiovasc Res, February 16, 2001; 49(3): 582 - 587. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E.-G. Kraatz, M. Misfeld, B. Jungbluth, and H.-H. Sievers Survival after transmyocardial laser revascularization in relation to nonlasered perfused myocardial zones Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2001; 71(2): 532 - 536. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Cusack, S. Redwood, and J. Coltart Recent advances in ischaemic heart disease Postgrad. Med. J., September 1, 2000; 76(899): 542 - 546. [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
L. Y. Lee, M. F. O'Hara, E. B. Finnin, R. Hachamovitch, M. Szulc, P. D. Kligfield, P. M. Okin, O. W. Isom, and T. K. Rosengart Transmyocardial laser revascularization with excimer laser: clinical results at 1 year Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 2000; 70(2): 498 - 503. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Lutter, J. Martin, P. Dern, K. Sarai, M. Olschewski, P. von Samson, M. Burkle, and F. Beyersdorf Evaluation of the indirect revascularization method after 3 months chronic myocardial ischemia Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., July 1, 2000; 18(1): 38 - 45. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. C. Krämer, J. Görich, M. Beyer, E. Merkle, J. Gerber, N. Rilinger, R. Sokiranski, and H.-J. Brambs CT and Arteriography in the Evaluation of Indirect Myocardial Revascularization with a Free-Muscle Transplant: Initial Experience Radiology, July 1, 2000; 216(1): 123 - 127. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
J. S. Martin, U. Sayeed-Shah, J. G. Byrne, M. H.D. Danton, K. Q. Flores, R. G. Laurence, and L. H. Cohn Excimer versus carbon dioxide transmyocardial laser revascularization: effects on regional left ventricular function and perfusion Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 2000; 69(6): 1811 - 1816. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Aaberge, K. Nordstrand, M. Dragsund, K. Saatvedt, K. Endresen, S. Golf, O. Geiran, M. Abdelnoor, and K. Forfang Transmyocardial revascularization with CO2 laser in patients with refractory angina pectoris: Clinical results from The Norwegian Randomized Trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 1, 2000; 35(5): 1170 - 1177. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
O. Tjomsland, L. Aaberge, S. M. Almdahl, M. Dragsund, P. Moelstad, K. Saatvedt, and K. Nordstrand Perioperative cardiac function and predictors for adverse events after transmyocardial laser treatment Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 2000; 69(4): 1098 - 1103. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. C. Hughes, A. S. Shah, B. Yin, M. Shu, C. L. Donovan, D. D. Glower, J. E. Lowe, and K. P. Landolfo Early postoperative changes in regional systolic and diastolic left ventricular function after transmyocardial laser revascularization: A comparison of holmium:YAG and CO2 lasers J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 15, 2000; 35(4): 1022 - 1030. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. R. Bridges Myocardial laser revascularization: the controversy and the data Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2000; 69(2): 655 - 662. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Whittaker Transmyocardial revascularization: the fate of myocardial channels Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 1999; 68(6): 2376 - 2382. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. K. Landolfo, K. P. Landolfo, G. C. Hughes, E. R. Coleman, R. B. Coleman, and J. E. Lowe Intermediate-Term Clinical Outcome Following Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization in Patients With Refractory Angina Pectoris Circulation, November 9, 1999; 100 (2009): II-128 - II-133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
O. Rimoldi, S. M. Burns, S. D. Rosen, T. E. Wistow, P. M. Schofield, G. Taylor, and P. G. Camici Measurement of Myocardial Blood Flow With Positron Emission Tomography Before and After Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization Circulation, November 9, 1999; 100 (2009): II-134 - II-138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. G. Hattler, B. P. Griffith, M. A. Zenati, J. R. Crew, M. Mirhoseini, L. H. Cohn, S. F. Aranki, O.H. Frazier, D. A. Cooley, A. M. Lansing, et al. Transmyocardial laser revascularization in the patient with unmanageable unstable angina Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 1999; 68(4): 1203 - 1209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G.C. Hughes, B. H. Annex, B. Yin, A. M. Pippen, P. Lin, A. P. Kypson, K. G. Peters, J. E. Lowe, and K. P. Landolfo Transmyocardial laser revascularization limits in vivo adenoviral-mediated gene transfer in porcine myocardium Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 1999; 44(1): 81 - 90. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. B. Allen, R. D. Dowling, T. L. Fudge, G. P. Schoettle, S. L. Selinger, D. M. Gangahar, W. W. Angell, M. R. Petracek, C. J. Shaar, and W. W. O'Neill Comparison of Transmyocardial Revascularization with Medical Therapy in Patients with Refractory Angina N. Engl. J. Med., September 30, 1999; 341(14): 1029 - 1036. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. A. Lange and L. D. Hillis Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization N. Engl. J. Med., September 30, 1999; 341(14): 1074 - 1076. [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
G. M. Hirsch, G. W. Thompson, R. C. Arora, K. J. Hirsch, J. A. Sullivan, and J. A. Armour Transmyocardial laser revascularization does not denervate the canine heart Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 1999; 68(2): 460 - 468. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Al-Sheikh, K. B. Allen, S. P. Straka, D. A. Heimansohn, R. L. Fain, G. D. Hutchins, S. G. Sawada, D. P. Zipes, and E. D. Engelstein Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation After Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization Circulation, July 13, 1999; 100(2): 135 - 140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Burkhoff, M. N. Wesley, J. R. Resar, and A. M. Lansing Factors correlating with risk of mortality after transmyocardial revascularization J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 1, 1999; 34(1): 55 - 61. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. M. McLoitghlin JR Complications of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgical Procedures Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, July 1, 1999; 3(2): 136 - 142. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
X. M. Mueller, H. T. Tevaearai, C.-Y. Genton, P. Chaubert, and L. K. von Segesser Are there vascular density gradients along myocardial laser channels? Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 1999; 68(1): 125 - 129. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. W. Jones, S. E. Schmidt, B. W. Richman, C. C. Miller III, K. J. Sapire, D. Burkhoff, and J. C. Baldwin Holmium: YAG laser transmyocardial revascularization relieves angina and improves functional status Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 1999; 67(6): 1596 - 1601. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Lutter, J. Martin, N. Takahashi, M. Yoshitake, J. Schwarzkopf, E. Nitzsche, and F. Beyersdorf Transmyocardial laser revascularization: experimental studies in healthy porcine myocardium Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 1999; 67(6): 1708 - 1713. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. C. Hughes, A. P. Kypson, J. D. St. Louis, B. H. Annex, R. E. Coleman, T. R. DeGrado, C. L. Donovan, J. E. Lowe, and K. P. Landolfo Improved perfusion and contractile reserve after transmyocardial laser revascularization in a model of hibernating myocardium Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 1999; 67(6): 1714 - 1720. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. S. Eckstein, A. M. Scheule, U. Vogel, S. T. Schmid, S. Miller, M. J. Jurmann, and G. Ziemer Transmyocardial laser revascularization in the acute ischaemic heart: no improvement of acute myocardial perfusion or prevention of myocardial infarction Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., May 1, 1999; 15(5): 702 - 708. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Misfeld, K. Szabo, E.-G. Kraatz, M. Grossherr, C. Schmidtke, M. Pilgrim, W. Kuhnel, and H. H. Sievers Electron-microscopic findings after transmyocardial laser revascularization in an acute ischemic pig model Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., April 1, 1999; 13(4): 398 - 403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. C. Hughes, K. P. Landolfo, J. E. Lowe, R. B. Coleman, and C. L. Donovan Perioperative morbidity and mortality after transmyocardial laser revascularization: incidence and risk factors for adverse events J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 15, 1999; 33(4): 1021 - 1026. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. A. Kadipasaoglu, M. Sartori, T. Masai, H. B. Cihan, F. J. Clubb Jr, J. L. Conger, and O.H. Frazier Intraoperative arrhythmias and tissue damage during transmyocardial laser revascularization Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 1999; 67(2): 423 - 431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Agarwal, M. Ajit, V. M. Kurian, S. Rajan, S. B. Arumugam, and K. M. Cherian Transmyocardial laser revascularization: early results and 1-year follow-up Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 1999; 67(2): 432 - 436. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S.M. Burns, L.D. Sharples, S. Tait, N. Caine, J. Wallwork, and P.M. Schofield The transmyocardial laser revascularization international registry report Eur. Heart J., January 1, 1999; 20(1): 31 - 37. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. C. Hughes, J. E. Lowe, A. P. Kypson, J. D. St. Louis, A. M. Pippen, K. G. Peters, R. E. Coleman, T. R. DeGrado, C. L. Donovan, B. H. Annex, et al. Neovascularization after transmyocardial laser revascularization in a model of chronic ischemia Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 1998; 66(6): 2029 - 2036. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. J. Topol and P. W. Serruys Frontiers in Interventional Cardiology Circulation, October 27, 1998; 98(17): 1802 - 1820. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. B Allen, R. D Dowling, D. A Heimansohn, E. Reitsma, L. Didelot, and C. J Shaar Transmyocardial revascularization utilizing a holmium:YAG Laser Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., October 1, 1998; 14(suppl_1): S100 - S104. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Milano, S. Pratali, M. De Carlo, A. Pietrabissa, and U. Bortolotti Transmyocardial holmium laser revascularization: feasibility of a thoracoscopic approach Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., October 1, 1998; 14(suppl_1): S105 - S110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Trehan, Y. Mishra, Y. Mehta, and D. R. Jangid Transmyocardial laser as an adjunct to minimally invasive CABG for complete myocardial revascularization Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 1998; 66(3): 1113 - 1118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J.E. Sigel, C.M. Abramovich, B.W. Lytle, and N.B. Ratliff Transmyocardial laser revascularization: Three sequential autopsy cases J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., June 1, 1998; 115(6): 1381 - 1384. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. M. McFadden, R. J. Robbins, J. L. Ochsner, C. H. Van Meter, and S. Majorie Transmyocardial revascularization for cardiac transplantation allograft vasculopathy J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., June 1, 1998; 115(6): 1385 - 1388. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Kohmoto, C. M. DeRosa, N. Yamamoto, P. E. Fisher, P. Failey, C. R. Smith, and D. Burkhoff Evidence of Vascular Growth Associated With Laser Treatment of Normal Canine Myocardium Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 1998; 65(5): 1360 - 1367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
O.H. Frazier, K. A. Kadipasaoglu, B. Radovancevic, H. B. Cihan, R. J. March, M. Mirhoseini, and D. A. Cooley Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization in Allograft Coronary Artery Disease Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 1998; 65(4): 1138 - 1141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. C. Hughes, C. L. Donovan, J. E. Lowe, and K. P. Landolfo Combined TMR and Mitral Valve Replacement via Left Thoracotomy Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 1998; 65(4): 1141 - 1143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Milano, S. Pratali, G. Tartarini, R. Mariotti, M. De Carlo, G. Paterni, G. Boni, and U. Bortolotti Early Results of Transmyocardial Revascularization With a Holmium Laser Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 1998; 65(3): 700 - 704. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
X. M. Mueller, H. H. Tevaearai, C.-Y. Genton, D. Bettex, and L. K. von Segesser Transmyocardial laser revascularisation in acutely ischaemic myocardium Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., February 1, 1998; 13(2): 170 - 175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Lutter, B. Saurbier, E. Nitzsche, F. Kletzin, J. Martin, C. Schlensak, C. Lutz, and F. Beyersdorf Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) in patients with unstable angina and low ejection fraction Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., January 1, 1998; 13(1): 21 - 26. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. F. Kwong, G. K. Kanellopoulos, J. C. Nickols, S. M. Pogwizd, J. E. Saffitz, R. B. Schuessler, and T. M. Sundt III TRANSMYOCARDIAL LASER TREATMENT DENERVATES CANINE MYOCARDIUM J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 1997; 114(6): 883 - 890. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
P. E. Fisher, T. Khomoto, C. M. DeRosa, H. M. Spotnitz, C. R. Smith, and D. Burkhoff Histologic Analysis of Transmyocardial Channels: Comparison of CO2 and Holmium:YAG Lasers Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 1997; 64(2): 466 - 472. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
T. Kohmoto, P. E. Fisher, A. Gu, S.-M. Zhu, C. M. DeRosa, C. R. Smith, and D. Burkhoff Physiology, Histology, and 2-Week Morphology of Acute Transmyocardial Channels Made With a CO2 Laser Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 1997; 63(5): 1275 - 1283. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
P. Whittaker and R. A. Kloner Transmural Channels as a Source of Blood Flow to Ischemic Myocardium?: Insights From the Reptilian Heart Circulation, March 18, 1997; 95(6): 1357 - 1359. [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
T. Kohmoto, M. Argenziano, N. Yamamoto, K. A. Vliet, A. Gu, C. M. DeRosa, P. E. Fisher, H. M. Spotnitz, D. Burkhoff, and C. R. Smith Assessment of Transmyocardial Perfusion in Alligator Hearts Circulation, March 18, 1997; 95(6): 1585 - 1591. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
E. D. Jansen, M. Frenz, K. A. Kadipasaoglu, T. J. Pfefer, H. J. Altermatt, M. Motamedi, and A. J. Welch Laser-Tissue Interaction During Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 1997; 63(3): 640 - 647. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| ANN THORAC SURG | ASIAN CARDIOVASC THORAC ANN | EUR J CARDIOTHORAC SURG |
| J THORAC CARDIOVASC SURG | ICVTS | ALL CTSNet JOURNALS |