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J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997;114:619-626
© 1997 Mosby, Inc.

SURGERY FOR ACQUIRED HEART DISEASE

TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF AORTIC INTRAMURAL HEMATOMA

Kevin M. Harris , MDa, Alan C. Braverman , MDa, Fernando R. Gutierrez , MDb, Benico Barzilai , MDa, Víctor G. Dávila-Román , MDa

Supported in part by a Minority Scientist Development Award from the American Heart Association, Dallas, Texas, to Dr. Dávila-Román.

Received for publication Oct. 31, 1996 revisions requested May 12, 1997; revisions received June 5, 1997 accepted for publication June 9, 1997. Address for reprints: Kevin M. Harris, MD, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Box 8086, St. Louis, MO 63110.

Abstract

Objective: This study sought to determine the transesophageal echocardiographic features and natural history of patients with aortic intramural hematoma. Methods: The transesophageal echocardiograms of all patients who had symptoms indicative of aortic dissection over 6 years were reviewed. Measurements were made of the involved aortic segment in the study patients, and follow-up was obtained. Results: In patients with aortic intramural hematoma, the wall thickness of the involved segment was significantly greater for descending segments than ascending segments (ascending aorta 7 ± 2 mm, descending aorta 15 ± 6 mm, p = 0.0016). In each case, the crescent-shaped intramural hematoma involved one wall predominantly, leading to compression of the aortic lumen. The findings of echolucent areas and displaced intimal calcium were found in the majority of patients. Four of eight patients with intramural hematoma of the ascending aorta were treated medically and four were treated surgically. The 30-day mortality was 50% in the medically treated patients and 0% in the surgically treated group. Four of 11 patients with isolated intramural hematoma of the descending aorta were treated medically and seven were treated surgically. All medically treated and 86% of surgically treated patients were alive at 30 days. Conclusions: Aortic intramural hematoma has distinct and identifiable transesophageal echocardiographic features. These data support those of previous studies documenting high morbidity and mortality in patients with aortic intramural hematoma.




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