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J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999;117:141-147
© 1999 Mosby, Inc.
SURGERY FOR CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE |
From the Sections of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery,a Cardiology,b and Pediatric Cardiology,c University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla.
Read at the Seventy-eighth Annual Meeting of The American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Boston, Mass, May 3-6, 1998.
Received for publication May 8, 1998. Revisions requested June 5, 1998. Revisions received Sept 22, 1998. Accepted for publication Sept 28, 1998. Address for reprints: Christopher J. Knott-Craig, MD, Section of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Post Office Box 26901, Oklahoma City, OK 73190.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the durability of cryopreserved homografts used to replace the "pulmonary" valve and to identify factors associated with their late deterioration.
Methods: We reviewed our entire experience (1985-1997) with 331 survivors in whom cryopreserved homograft valves (pulmonary, n = 304; aortic, n = 27) were used to reconstruct the pulmonary outflow tract. Median age was 14 years (range, 2 days–62 years). Operations included Ross operation (n = 259), tetralogy of Fallot (n = 41), truncus arteriosus (n = 14), Rastelli operation (n = 11), and others (n = 6). Median follow-up was 3.8 years (range, 0.2–11.2 years); late echographic follow-up was complete for 97% of patients. Homograft failure was defined as the need for explantation and valve-related death; homograft dysfunction was defined as a pulmonary insufficiency grade 3/4 or greater and a transvalvular gradient of 40 mm Hg or greater.
Results: Homograft failure occurred in 9% (30 of 331 patients; Kaplan-Meier); freedom from failure was 82% ± 4% at 8 years. Homograft dysfunction occurred in 12% (39 of 331 patients), although freedom from dysfunction was 76% ± 4% at 8 years. For aortic homografts, this was 56% ± 11%, compared to 80% ± 4% for pulmonary homografts (P = .003). For patients aged less than 3 years (n = 38), this was 51% ± 12%, compared with 87% ± 4% for older patients (P = .0001). By multivariable analysis, younger age of homograft donors, non-Ross operation, and later year of operation were associated with homograft failure; younger age of homograft donors, later year of operation, and use of an aortic homograft were associated with homograft dysfunction.
Conclusions: Homograft valves function satisfactorily in the pulmonary position at mid-term follow-up. The pulmonary homograft valve appears to be more durable than the aortic homograft valve in the pulmonary position.
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