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J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999;118:542-546
© 1999 Mosby, Inc.

GENERAL THORACIC SURGERY

DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY FOR THE PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING LUNG VOLUME REDUCTION SURGERY

From the Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology,^a and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,^b and the Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery,^c University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Address for reprints: David S. Bach, MD, University of Michigan, L3119 Women’s—0273, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0273 (E-mail: dbach{at}umich.edu).

Background: Lung volume reduction surgery has been proposed as a bridge to lung transplantation and as definitive therapy for advanced chronic obstructive lung disease. However, patient selection criteria and optimal preoperative assessment have not been clearly defined.
Objective: We investigated the feasibility, safety, and value of dobutamine stress echocardiography as a predictor of major early cardiac events in patients who underwent lung volume reduction surgery.
Methods: The study population consisted of 46 patients (21 men and 25 women, mean age 59 ± 9 years) who underwent dobutamine stress echocardiography (maximum dose 40 µg · kg^–1 · min^–1 plus atropine if needed) 180 days or less before lung volume reduction surgery. Adverse cardiac events were prospectively defined and tabulated during hospitalization after the operation and at subsequent outpatient visits.
Results: Dobutamine stress echocardiography was interpretable in 45 of 46 (98%) patients. There were no adverse events during testing. The studies revealed normal left ventricular systolic function at rest in all patients and normal right ventricular function in all patients but one. Thirteen patients had right ventricular enlargement. Estimated right ventricular systolic pressure was mildly elevated (>40 mm Hg) in 5 patients. Four patients (9%) had stress tests positive for ischemia. There were no perioperative deaths. Follow-up was available for 44 of 45 patients at a duration of 20.0 ± 7.0 months. Two major adverse cardiac events occurred in the same patient in whom the results of dobutamine stress echocardiography were positive for ischemia (positive predictive value 25%, 95% confidence interval 0% to 83%; negative predictive value 100%, 95% confidence interval 90 to 100%).
Conclusion: Despite end-stage chronic obstructive lung disease and poor ultrasound windows, dobutamine stress echocardiography is feasible and safe in patients undergoing evaluation for lung volume reduction surgery. It yields important information on right and left ventricular function and has an excellent negative predictive value for early and late adverse cardiac events.

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