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J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999;118:588-596
© 1999 Mosby, Inc.

SURGERY FOR ACQUIRED CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

HISTOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES OF THE ASCENDING AORTA AND PULMONARY TRUNK IN PATIENTS WITH BICUSPID AORTIC VALVE DISEASE: CLINICAL RELEVANCE TO THE ROSS PROCEDURE

Mauro de Sa, MDa, Yaron Moshkovitz, MDa, Jagdish Butany, MDb, Tirone E. David, MDa

From the Division of Cardiovascular Surgerya and Department of Pathology,b The Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Financial support was provided to Mauro de Sa by Medtronic, Inc, during his research fellowship.

Address for reprints: T. E. David, MD, 13 EN, Suite 219, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada.

Objective: Bicuspid aortic valve disease is often associated with dilation of the aortic root and ascending aorta. This study examines the histologic features of the ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery of patients with and without aortic valve disease.
Methods: Samples from ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery were obtained at the time of the operation from 20 patients with bicuspid aortic valve and 11 patients with tricuspid aortic valve disease. In addition, samples were also obtained from autopsy cases with normal aortic valve. The histologic changes were graded from 1 to 3 according to severity of degenerative changes.
Results: In the ascending aorta, the severity of cystic medial necrosis (P = .001), elastic fragmentation (P = .002), and changes in the smooth muscle cell orientation (P = .002) were significantly more severe in patients with bicuspid than in those with tricuspid aortic valve disease. In the pulmonary trunk specimens, those 3 histologic features were also significantly more severe in patients with bicuspid than those with tricuspid valves (P = .001, P = .01, and P = .04, respectively). Seventy-five percent of patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease had grade 3 degenerative changes, whereas only 14% of those patients with tricuspid aortic valve disease had similar degrees of degenerative changes.
Conclusion: Patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease have more severe degenerative changes in the media of the ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery than patients with tricuspid aortic valve disease. These findings may explain root and ascending aortic dilation in patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease and pulmonary autograft dilation in certain patients after the Ross procedure.




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