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J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002;123:895-900
© 2002 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery

Surgery for Acquired Cardiovascular Disease (ACD)

Vacuum-assisted closure therapy guided by C-reactive protein level in patients with deep sternal wound infection

From the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery^a and Anesthesiology,^b Heart and Lung Division, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

Received for publication July 6, 2001. Revisions requested Aug 1, 2001; revisions received Aug 17, 2001. Accepted for publication Sept 25, 2001. Address for reprints: Ronny Gustafsson, MD, Heart and Lung Division, University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden (E-mail: ronny.gustafsson{at}thorax.lu.se).

Background: Deep sternal wound infection is a serious and potentially lethal complication of cardiac surgery when performed through a median sternotomy. We describe the outcome of a new treatment strategy with C-reactive protein level-guided vacuum-assisted closure used at our department.
Methods: Data from 16 consecutive adult patients who had deep sternal wound infections after cardiac surgery were reviewed. Patients with superficial infection or sterile dehiscence were not included. All patients with postoperative deep sternal wound infections were treated with first-line vacuum-assisted closure therapy, followed by direct surgical closure. A purpose-built vacuum-assisted closure system consisting of polyurethane foam pieces and a special pump unit was used. The foam was placed in the wound after debridement of foreign material and necrotic tissue. The wound was covered with adhesive drape and connected to the pump unit, which was programmed to create a continuous negative pressure of 125 mm Hg in the wound cavity. Intravenous antibiotics were given according to tissue-culture results. The patients were immediately extubated after the operation. When ingrowth of granulation tissue was observed in all parts of the wound and the plasma C-reactive protein level showed a steady decline to 30 to 70 mg/L or less without confounding factors, such as tissue injuries or concomitant infections, the sternotomy was rewired, and the wound was closed.
Results: All patients were alive and free from deep sternal wound infection 3 months after the operation. The median vacuum-assisted closure treatment time until surgical closure was 9 days (range, 3-34 days), and the median C-reactive protein level at closure was 45 mg/L (range, 20-173 mg/L). The median hospital stay was 22 days (range, 12-120 days).
Conclusions: Early vacuum-assisted closure treatment, followed by surgical closure guided by the plasma C-reactive protein level, is a reliable and easily applied new strategy in patients with postoperative deep sternal wound infection.

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