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J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002;123:1177-1184
© 2002 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery

General Thoracic Surgery (GTS)

Autologous tissue-engineered trachea with sheep nasal chondrocytes

From the Center for Tissue Engineering, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass.

This study was funded by the University of Massachusetts Medical School and Worcester Foundation for Biomedical Research.

Read at the Eighty-first Annual Meeting of The American Association for Thoracic Surgery, San Diego, Calif, May 6-9, 2001.

Received for publication June 26, 2001. Revisions requested Aug 13, 2001; revisions received Oct 1, 2001. Accepted for publication Oct 8, 2001. Address for reprints: Joaquin Cortiella, MD, c/o Lawrence Bonassar, PhD, Center for Tissue Engineering, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave North, Worcester, MA 01603-3122 (E-mail: Lawrence.Bonassar{at}umassmed.edu).

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the ability of autologous tissue-engineered trachea shaped in a helix to form the structural component of a functional tracheal replacement.
Methods: Nasal septum were harvested from six 2-month-old sheep. Chondrocytes and fibroblasts were isolated from tissue and cultured in media for 2 weeks. Both types of cells were seeded onto separate nonwoven meshes of polyglycolic acid. The chondrocyte-seeded mesh was wound around a 20-mm-diameter x 50-mm-long helical template and then covered with the fibroblast-seeded mesh. In 2 separate studies the implants were placed either in a subcutaneous pocket in the nude rat (rat tissue-engineered trachea) or in the neck of a sheep (sheep tissue-engineered trachea). Rat tissue-engineered tracheas were harvested after 8 weeks and analyzed by means of histology and biochemistry. Sheep tissue-engineered tracheas were harvested from the neck at 8 weeks and anastomosed into a 5-cm defect in the sheep trachea.
Results: Sheep receiving tissue-engineered trachea grafts survived for 2 to 7 days after implantation. Gross morphology and tissue morphology were similar to that of native tracheas. Hematoxylin-and-eosin staining of rat tissue-engineered tracheas and sheep tissue-engineered tracheas revealed the presence of mature cartilage surrounded by connective tissue. Safranin-O staining showed that rat tissue-engineered tracheas and sheep tissue-engineered tracheas had similar morphologies to native tracheal cartilage. Collagen, proteoglycan, and cell contents were similar to those seen in native tracheal tissue in rat tissue-engineered tracheas. Collagen and cell contents of sheep tissue-engineered tracheas were elevated compared with that of normal tracheas, whereas proteoglycan content was less than that found in normal tracheas.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated the feasibility of recreating the cartilage and fibrous portion of the trachea with autologous tissue harvested from single procedure. This approach might provide a benefit to individuals needing tracheal resection.

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