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J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;125:1470-1480
© 2003 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery

Cardiopulmonary Support and Physiology

Direct cell-cell interaction of cardiomyocytes is key for bone marrow stromal cells to go into cardiac lineage in vitro

From the Department of Pathology, National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka^a; the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka^b; the Department of General Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga^c; the Department of Bioscience, National Cardiovascular Center, Research Institute, Osaka^d; and the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.^e

Supported in part by Health Sciences Research Grants (Research for Cardiovascular Diseases [13C-1] and Research on the Human Genome, Tissue Engineering Food Biotechnology [12-007]) from the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare, and by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) and for Exploratory Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

Received for publication June 5, 2002. Revisions requested Aug 5, 2002; revisions received Sept 1, 2002. Accepted for publication Oct 10, 2002. Address for reprints: Shinji Tomita, MD, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan (E-mail: shinjitomita{at}hotmail.com).

Objectives: Cardiac environmental factors are thought to be powerful inducers in cardiomyogenic differentiation. In this study we simulated the cardiac environment using coculture and evaluated the cardiomyogenic differentiation in bone marrow stromal cells.
Methods: In group 1 only bone marrow stromal cells derived from transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP-BMCs) were cultured (n = 5). In group 2 cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats were grown on inserts, which we applied to culture dishes seeded with GFP-BMCs (n = 5). In group 3 GFP-BMCs were cocultured with cardiomyocytes on the same dishes (n = 5). We cultured these cells for 7 days and evaluated the synchronous contraction and the cardiomyogenic differentiation of GFP-BMCs by means of immunostaining.
Results: In groups 1 and 2 GFP-BMCs protein did not show any myogenic phenotypes for 7 days. In contrast, in group 3 some GFP-BMCs were incorporated in parallel with cardiomyocytes and revealed myotube-like formation on day 1. On day 2, some GFP-BMCs started to contract synchronously with cardiomyocytes. Myosin heavy chain-positive GFP-BMCs were recognized in 2.49% ± 0.87% of the total GFP-BMCs on day 5 (P < .0001). Cardiac-specific troponin I-positive GFP-BMCs were in 1.86% ± 0.53% of the total cells on day 5 (P < .0001). Atrial natriuretic peptide was also seen in GFP-BMCs, and connexin 43 was detected between GFP-BMCs and cardiomyocytes.
Conclusions: Direct cell-cell interaction with cardiomyocytes was important for bone marrow stromal cells to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. This coculture was useful for simulating the cardiac environment in vitro for the research of cell transplantation in the heart.

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