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J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004;128:662-668
© 2004 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery

Surgery for Acquired Cardiovascular Disease

Valve-sparing aortic root replacement in bicuspid aortic valves: A reasonable option?

^a Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospitals Homburg, Homburg/Saar, Germany
^b Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospitals Homburg, Homburg/Saar, Germany

Read at the Eighty-fourth Annual Meeting of The American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, April 25-28, 2004.

Received for publication April 18, 2004; revisions received June 4, 2004; accepted for publication June 21, 2004.

^* Address for reprints: Hans-Joachim Schäfers, MD, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospitals Homburg, 66424 Homburg, Germany (E-mail: chhjsc{at}uniklinik-saarland.de).

OBJECTIVES: Aortic dilatation occurs in many patients with bicuspid aortic valves. We have added root replacement using the remodeling technique originally designed for tricuspid aortic valves to bicuspid aortic valve repair for treatment of the dilated root. We compared the results of remodeling in bicuspid aortic valves with those in tricuspid aortic valves.

METHODS: From October 1995 through January 2004, 60 patients underwent root remodeling for bicuspid aortic valves (group A), and 130 patients underwent root remodeling for tricuspid aortic valves (group B). Correction of cusp prolapse was more often performed in group A (group A, 50/60; group B, 47/130; P< .0001). Transthoracic echocardiography was performed at 1 week, 6 and 12 months, and every year thereafter. Cumulative follow-up was 527 patient-years (mean, 2.9 ± 2 years).

RESULTS: No patient died in group A. Hospital mortality in group B was 5% (5/100; 95% confidence interval,1.6%-11.3%) after elective operations and 10% (3/30; 95% confidence interval, 2.1%-26.5%) after emergency operations. Mean systolic gradients were identical at 1 year (group A, 4.8 ± 2.1 mm Hg; group B, 4.0 ± 2 mm Hg) and 5 years (group A, 4.5 ± 2.3 mm Hg; group B, 3.9 ± 2.2 mm Hg). Freedom from aortic regurgitation of grade 2 or higher at 5 years was 96% in group A and 83% in group B (P= .07), and freedom from reoperation at 5 years was 98% in group A and 98% in group B (P= .73).

CONCLUSIONS: Valve-sparing aortic replacement with root remodeling can be applied to aortic dilatation and a regurgitant bicuspid aortic valve. Hemodynamic function and valve stability of a repaired bicuspid aortic valve are comparable with those seen in cases of tricuspid anatomy.

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