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J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005;130:684-686
© 2005 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery

Cardiopulmonary Support and Physiology

A femoral artery cannula that allows distal blood flow

James A. Magovern, MD a , * , James D. Fonger, MD b , David H.J. Wang, PhD c , Dennis Kopilec, PhD c , Dennis R. Trumble, MS a , Douglas E. Smith, PhD c

a Department of Cardiac Surgery Research, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pa
b Department of Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY
c CardiacAssist, Inc, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Received for publication December 6, 2004; revisions received February 28, 2005; accepted for publication March 14, 2005.

* Address for reprints: James A. Magovern, MD, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Allegheny General Hospital, 320 E North Ave, 14ST, Pittsburgh, PA 15212. (Email: jmagovern{at}wpahs.org).

OBJECTIVE: A femoral artery cannula is used for certain types of circulatory support but can cause ischemia, especially during prolonged perfusion. This study tests the function of a femoral cannula designed to allow proximal and distal blood flow.

METHODS: Five pigs were used in the study. In each animal a distal-flow cannula was implanted in the femoral artery of one leg, and the same-sized standard cannula was implanted in the other. Blood was drained from the left atrium and delivered to the femoral artery through the distal-flow cannula or standard cannula by using a centrifugal pump. An ultrasonic flow probe and microspheres were used to quantify flow and perfusion distal to the cannula.

RESULTS: Distal femoral flow and tissue perfusion were present in all animals (5/5) with the distal-flow cannula but only in 1 of 5 animals with the standard cannula (P < .048). Distal flow did not change with pump flow. Mean distal flow at each level of pump flow was higher with the distal-flow cannula (P < .05). Tissue perfusion was also higher with the distal-flow cannula (0.052 ± 0.028 vs 0.010 ± 0.022 mL·min–1 ·g–1, P < .03).

CONCLUSIONS: In the swine model the distal-flow cannula allowed greater and more consistent distal flow than the standard cannula. The use of a distal-flow cannula for circulatory support might reduce the risk of distal limb ischemia.




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