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J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006;132:796-801
© 2006 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery

Surgery for Acquired Cardiovascular Disease

Apicoaortic valved conduit: Potential for progress?

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Received for publication March 10, 2006; revisions received June 24, 2006; accepted for publication July 7, 2006.

^_* Address for reprints: Ulf Lockowandt, MD, PhD, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. (Email: ulf.lockowand{at}karolinska.se).

Objective: The number of elderly patients who require aortic valve replacement is growing, as is the increase of complicating factors, such as previous coronary bypass grafting and atherosclerotic disease of the ascending aorta. An uncommon surgical option to aortic valve replacement is the apicoaortic valved conduit. In this article the techniques and outcomes of 13 cases of apicoaortic valved conduit insertions in high-risk patients are described.

Methods: From 2002 through 2005, 13 patients (mean age, 75 ± 8.7 years; 8 men) with severe calcific aortic stenosis had insertions of an apicoaortic valved conduit because of a porcelain aorta (n = 4), previous coronary bypass grafting (n = 6), or both (n = 3). The off-pump technique was used in 9 patients, and a heparinized miniextracorporeal circulation system was used in 4 patients. Follow-up time was 6 to 33 months.

Results: Mean intensive care stay was 2 ± 2.7 days, and mean hospital stay was 12 ± 8 days. The 30-day mortality was 15% (2 patients; postoperative days 3 and 28, both caused by myocardial infarction). Mortality later than 30 days postoperatively was 23% (3 patients; postoperative day 45 caused by bilateral pulmonary bleeding because of pneumonia, postoperative day 56 caused by myocardial infarction, and postoperative day 81 caused by pneumonia). The remaining 8 patients were doing well, all in New York Heart Association class I or II at follow-up, with echocardiography showing a low gradient over the valved conduit.

Conclusions: The apicoaortic valved conduit in high-risk patients undergoing aortic valve replacement remains a feasible option, with a substantial potential for technical development and progress.

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