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J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007;133:717-725
© 2007 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery


Evolving Technology

Intramyocardial delivery of CD133+ bone marrow cells and coronary artery bypass grafting for chronic ischemic heart disease: Safety and efficacy studies

Christof Stamm, MDa, Hans-Dieter Kleine, MDb, Yeong-Hoon Choi, MDa, Simone Dunkelmann, MDc, Jan-Arne Lauffsa, Björn Lorenzen, MDd, Arpad David, MDa, Andreas Liebold, MDa, Christoph Nienaber, MDe, David Zurakowski, PhDf, Mathias Freund, MDb, Gustav Steinhoff, MDa,*

a Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
b Department of Hematology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
c Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
d Department of Radiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
e Department of Cardiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
f Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biostatistics, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.

Received for publication May 1, 2006; revisions received July 30, 2006; accepted for publication August 3, 2006.

* Address for reprints: Gustav Steinhoff, MD, Klinik für Herzchirurgie, Universität Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany (Email: gustav.steinhoff{at}med.uni-rostock.de).

Objectives: Cell therapy may offer novel therapeutic options for chronic ischemic heart disease. In a clinical trial, we first assessed the feasibility and safety of intramyocardial CD133+ bone marrow cell injection together with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We then tested the hypothesis that CABG plus CD133+ cell injection would result in better contractile function than CABG alone.

Methods: Fifteen patients took part in the safety study, followed by 40 patients who underwent either CABG with cell therapy or CABG alone. Bone marrow was harvested from the iliac crest one day before surgery, and purified CD133+ progenitor cells were injected in the infarct border zone during the CABG operation. LV function was measured by echocardiography and myocardial perfusion by SPECT.

Results: In the safety study, no procedure-related complications were observed for up to 3 years. LV injection fraction (LVEF) increased from 39.0% ± 8.7% preoperatively to 50.2% ± 8.5% at 6 months and 47.9% ± 6.0% at 18 months (F = 6.03, P = .012). In the efficacy study, LCEF rose form 37.4% ± 8.4% to 47.1% ± 8.3% at 6 months in the group with CABG and cell therapy (F = 24.16, P < .0001) but only from 37.9% ± 10.3% to 41.3% ± 9.1% in the CABG-only group (F = 7.72, P = .012). LVEF was significantly higher at 6 months in the group with CABG and cell therapy than in the CABG-only group (P = .03). Similarly, perfusion of the infarcted myocardium improved more in patients treated with CABG and cell therapy than in those treated with CABG alone.

Conclusion: Intramyocardial delivery of purified bone marrow stem cells together with CABG surgery is safe and provides beneficial effects, though it remains to be seen whether thewe effects produce a lasting clinical advantage.



Abbreviations and Acronyms CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; ECG = electrocardiography; LV = left ventricle; LVEF = LV ejection fraction; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; PBS = phosphate-buffered saline solution



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