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J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008;136:1302-1308
© 2008 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery

Evolving Technology

Harmonic scalpel versus electrocautery for harvest of radial artery conduits: Reduced risk of spasm and intimal injury on optical coherence tomography

^a Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
^b LightLab Imaging, Westford, Mass
^c Division of Cardiac Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Boston, Mass

Received for publication March 8, 2008; revisions received April 27, 2008; accepted for publication May 25, 2008.

^_* Address for reprints: Robert S. Poston, MD, Boston Medical Center, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Robinson 402, 88 E. Newton Street, Boston, MA 02118. (Email: robert.poston{at}bmc.org).

Objective: Vasospasm is the primary obstacle to widespread adoption of the radial artery as a conduit in coronary artery bypass grafting. We used optical coherence tomography, a catheter-based intravascular imaging modality, to measure the degree of radial artery spasm induced by means of harvest with electrocautery or a harmonic scalpel in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Methods: Radial arteries were harvested from 44 consecutive patients with a harmonic scalpel (n = 15) or electrocautery (n = 29). Vessels were imaged before harvesting and after removal from the arm, with saphenous vein tracts serving as internal controls. Optical coherence tomographic findings for the degree of harvesting-induced injury were validated against histologic measures.

Results: Optical coherence tomographic measures of endovascular dimensions and injury correlated strongly with histologic findings. Mean luminal volume, a measure of vasospasm, decreased significantly less after harvesting with a harmonic scalpel (9% ± 7%) than with electrocautery (35% ± 6%, P = .015). Completely intact intima was present in 11 (73%) of 15 radial arteries harvested with a harmonic scalpel (73%) compared with 9 of 29 arteries harvested by means of electrocautery (31%, P = .011). Intraoperative flow measurements and patency rates at 5 days postoperatively were not significantly different among groups.

Conclusions: Optical coherence tomography provides a level of speed and accuracy for quantifying endothelial injury and vasospasm that has not been described for any other modality, suggesting potential as an intraoperative quality assurance tool. Our optical coherence tomographic findings suggest that the harmonic scalpel induces less spasm and intimal injury compared with electrocautery.

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