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The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Vol 73, 366-374, Copyright © 1977 by The American Association for Thoracic Surgery and The Western Thoracic Surgical Association
BB Roe, JC Hutchinson, NH Fishman, DJ Ullyot and DL Smith
A total of 204 patients, ages 3 months to 84 years, underwent open- heart
surgery with the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass with moderate hypothermia.
For protection of the myocardium, cardioplegia was induced by washing out
the coronary arteries with an iced, buffered, isoosmolar, potassium-based
infusate. After aortic cross-clamping, the aortic root or individual
coronary arteries were perfused with 500 to 2,000 c.c. of an aqueous
solution (at zero to 4 degrees C.) containing 20 mEq. of potassium. Periods
of ischemic arrest as long as 208 minutes have been well tolerated, with
only two of the eleven hospital deaths considered heart related.
Defibrillation occurred spontaneously in 41 per cent and after one shock in
47 per cent of patient, without apparent correlation between duration of
ischemia and restoration of effective rhythm.
ARTICLES
Myocardial protection with cold, ischemic, potassium-induced cardioplegia
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C. I. Tchervenkov, J. E. Wynands, J. F. Symes, I. D. Malcolm, A. R. C. Dobell, and J. E. Morin Electrical Behavior of the Heart Following High-Potassium Cardioplegia Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 1983; 36(3): 314 - 319. [Abstract] [PDF]
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V. R. Conti and R. L. Kao Metabolic and Functional Effects of Carbohydrate Substrate with Single-Dose and Multiple-Dose Potassium Cardioplegia Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 1983; 36(3): 320 - 327. [Abstract] [PDF]
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A. K. Singh Cardioplegia Techniques Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 1983; 35(6): 687 - 687. [PDF]
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S. C. Balderman, J. N. Bhayana, A. Z. Masud, S. Michalek, and A. A. Gage Perioperative Protection of the Myocardium in Patients with Impaired Ventricular Function Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 1982; 33(5): 445 - 452. [Abstract] [PDF]
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A. K. Singh, R. Farrugia, C. Teplitz, and K. E. Karlson Electrolyte versus Blood Cardioplegia: Randomized Clinical and Myocardial Ultrastructural Study Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 1982; 33(3): 218 - 227. [Abstract] [PDF]
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F. P. Catinella, J. N. Cunningham Jr., P. X. Adams, S. L. Snively, R. I. Gross, and F. C. Spencer Myocardial Protection with Cold Blood Potassium Cardioplegia during Prolonged Aortic Cross-Clamping Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 1982; 33(3): 228 - 233. [Abstract] [PDF]
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P. E. Clancy, A. D. Slater, D. Brandt, and M. M. Kirsh Substrate Cardioplegia during Hypothermic Arrest in the Alloxan Diabetic Dog Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 1981; 31(6): 558 - 563. [Abstract] [PDF]
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M. A. Jacocks, M. Weiss, R. A. Guyton, M. L. Jacobs, D. D. O'Keefe, G. A. Geffin, W. M. Daggett, J. S. Titus, and J. B. Hickey Regional Myocardial Protection during Aortic Cross-clamp Ischemia in Dogs: Calcium-Containing Crystalloid Solutions Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 1981; 31(5): 454 - 463. [Abstract] [PDF]
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W. Flameng, M. Borgers, W. Daenen, F. Thone, W. A. Coumans, G. J. Van der Vusse, and G. Stalpaert St. Thomas Cardioplegia Versus Topical Cooling: Ultrastructural and Biochemical Studies in Humans Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 1981; 31(4): 339 - 346. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. D. Slack, J. V. Zeok, J. S. Cole, H. G. Hanley, A. L. Cornish, H. E. McKean, and K. A. Fowler Influence of Potassium Cardioplegia versus Ischemic Arrest on Regional Left Ventricular Diastolic Compliance in Humans Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 1981; 31(3): 214 - 223. [Abstract] [PDF]
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W. H. Schraut, K. Kampman, J. L. Lamberti, M. Freeburger, C. Anagnostopoulos, S. Glagov, and J. Andresen Myocardial Protection from Permanent Injury during Aortic Cross-Clamping: Effectiveness of Pharmacological Cardiac Arrest Combined with Topical Cardiac Hypothermia Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 1981; 31(3): 224 - 232. [Abstract] [PDF]
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R. E. Clark, I. Y. Christlieb, J. A. Spratt, P. D. Henry, A. E. Fischer, J. R. Williamson, and B. E. Sobel Myocardial Preservation with Nifedipine: A Comparative Study at Normothermia Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 1981; 31(1): 3 - 20. [Abstract] [PDF]
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H. R. Baur, T. A. Peterson, O. Arnar, P. G. Gannon, and F. L. Gobel Predictors of Perioperative Myocardial Infarction in Coronary Artery Operation Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 1981; 31(1): 36 - 44. [Abstract] [PDF]
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D. K. Swanson, J. H. Dufek, and D. R. Kahn Improved Myocardial Preservation at 4{degrees}C Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 1980; 30(6): 519 - 526. [Abstract] [PDF]
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C. R. Valeri, M. Yarnoz, J. J. Vecchione, R. C. Dennis, J. Anastasi, D. A. Valeri, L. E. Pivacek, H. B. Hechtman, C. P. Emerson, and R. L. Berger Improved Oxygen Delivery to the Myocardium during Hypothermia by Perfusion with 2,3 DPG-Enriched Red Blood Cells Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 1980; 30(6): 527 - 535. [Abstract] [PDF]
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D. J. Ullyot Current Controversies in the Conduct of the Coronary Bypass Operation Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 1980; 30(2): 192 - 203. [Abstract] [PDF]
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K. V. Arom, F. L. Grover, and J. K. Trinkle Does Cardioplegic Arrest Compromise Long-Term Left Ventricular Function? Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 1980; 29(6): 539 - 545. [Abstract] [PDF]
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R. M. Engelman, J. H. Rousou, M. J. O'Donoghue, F. Longo, and W. A. Dobbs A Comparison of Intermittent and Continuous Arrest for Prolonged Hypothermic Cardioplegia Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 1980; 29(3): 217 - 223. [Abstract] [PDF]
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H. B. Barner, G. C. Kaiser, J. E. Codd, D. H. Tyras, D. Glenn Pennington, H. Laks, and V. L. Willman Clinical Experience with Cold Blood as the Vehicle for Hypothermic Potassium Cardioplegia Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 1980; 29(3): 224 - 227. [Abstract] [PDF]
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R. A. Vertrees, J. Auvil, J. H. Rousou, and R. M. Engelman A Technique of Myocardial Preservation Perfusion Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 1979; 28(6): 601 - 602. [Abstract] [PDF]
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R. C. J. Chiu, P. E. Blundell, H. J. Scott, and S. Cain The Importance of Monitoring Intramyocardial Temperature during Hypothermic Myocardial Protection Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 1979; 28(4): 317 - 322. [Abstract] [PDF]
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D. M. Behrendt, M. M. Kirsh, K. E. Jochim, and H. Sloan Effects of Cardioplegic Solution on Human Contractile Element Velocity Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 1978; 26(6): 499 - 506. [Abstract] [PDF]
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W. C. Scott, R. J. Shemin, V. A. Gaudiani, and D. M. Conkle Limits of Myocardial Protection with Potassium Cardioplegia Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 1978; 26(6): 507 - 514. [Abstract] [PDF]
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D. M. Lolley, J. F. Ray III, W. O. Myers, G. Sheldon, and R. D. Sautter Reduction of Intraoperative Myocardial Infarction by Means of Exogenous Anaerobic Substrate Enhancement: Prospective Randomized Study Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 1978; 26(6): 515 - 524. [Abstract] [PDF]
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H. Laks, H. B. Barner, and G. C. Kaiser A Simple Method of Cold Coronary Perfusion Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 1978; 25(4): 351 - 353. [Abstract] [PDF]
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