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The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Vol 79, 338-348, Copyright © 1980 by The American Association for Thoracic Surgery and The Western Thoracic Surgical Association

ARTICLES

Reconstructive surgery of mitral valve incompetence: ten-year appraisal

A Carpentier, S Chauvaud, JN Fabiani, A Deloche, J Relland, A Lessana, C D'Allaines, P Blondeau, A Piwnica and C Dubost

Between January, 1969, and January, 1978, 551 patients with mitral incompetence were treated by a system of reconstructive techniques. Mitral valve incompetence was classified into three types according to leaflet pliability; type I normal leaflet motion, 150 cases; type II, leaflet prolapse, 213 cases; and type III, restricted leaflet motion, 188 cases. Associated tricuspid valvular disease was present in 174 cases (31.5%) and was treated by prosthetic ring annuloplasty. The operative mortality rate was 4.2% (16/377) in the mitral group and 14% (25/174) in the mitral-tricuspid group. Follow-up data are available in 341 patients from 1 year to 10 years (average 4 1/2 years). The late mortality rate was 7% (24/341). Actuarial curves including hospital mortality rate show an 82% survival rate at 9 years in the mitral group and a 79% rate in the mitral-tricuspid group. Thirty-seven patients (11%) underwent reoperation mainly for residual (17) or recurrent (16) mitral incompetence. Thromboembolism occurred in 12 patients for an embolic rate of 0.6% per patient-year, even though 48% were not given anticoagulants. Acorrding to the New York Heart Association (N.Y.H.A.) classification, 76% (207/270) of the patients were in Class I, 19% (51/270) were in Class II, 4% (10/270) were in Class III, and 0.7% were in Class IV (2/270). Results of postoperative catheterization and angiocardiography are available in 52 patients. Comparison between the various groups shows that the best results were obtained in type II mitral incompetence, followed by type I and type III mitral incompetence. This experience demonstrates that predictable and stable long-term results have been achieved by techniques of valvular reconstruction with a low incidence of thromboembolism. Reproducibility of the techniques is a limiting factor which can be overcome by adequate training and progressive experience. Patient selection is based on the valvular disease rather than age, physical condition, or cause of valvular disease.


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 Eur J Cardiothorac SurgHome page
P. R. Vogt, H. P. Brunner-LaRocca, M. Rist, G. Zund, M. Genoni, M. Lachat, U. Niederhauser, and M. I. Turina
Preoperative predictors of recurrent atrial fibrillation late after successful mitral valve reconstruction
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, June 1, 1998; 13(6): 619 - 624.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
L. H. Ling, M. Enriquez-Sarano, J. B. Seward, T. A. Orszulak, H. V. Schaff, K. R. Bailey, A. J. Tajik, and R. L. Frye
Early Surgery in Patients With Mitral Regurgitation Due to Flail Leaflets : A Long-term Outcome Study
Circulation, September 16, 1997; 96(6): 1819 - 1825.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 CirculationHome page
Y. Otsuji, M. D. Handschumacher, E. Schwammenthal, L. Jiang, J.-K. Song, J. L. Guerrero, G. J. Vlahakes, and R. A. Levine
Insights From Three-Dimensional Echocardiography Into the Mechanism of Functional Mitral Regurgitation : Direct In Vivo Demonstration of Altered Leaflet Tethering Geometry
Circulation, September 16, 1997; 96(6): 1999 - 2008.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
P. Perier, J. Stumpf, C. Gotz, F. Lakew, A. Schneider, B. Clausnizer, and R. Hacker
Valve Repair for Mitral Regurgitation Caused by Isolated Prolapse of the Posterior Leaflet
Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 1997; 64(2): 445 - 450.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
K. Hisatomi, T. Isomura, T. Sato, K. Kosuga, K. Ohishi, and H. Katoh
Mitral Valve Repair for Mitral Regurgitation With Ventricular Septal Defect in Children
Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 1996; 62(6): 1773 - 1777.
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 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
R. J. Cerfolio, T. A. Orszulak, J. R. Pluth, W. S. Harmsen, and H. V. Schaff
REOPERATION AFTER VALVE REPAIR FOR MITRAL REGURGITATION: EARLY AND INTERMEDIATE RESULTS
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., June 1, 1996; 111(6): 1177 - 1184.
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 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
A. F. Carpentier, M. Pellerin, J.-F. Fuzellier, and J. Y. M. Relland
EXTENSIVE CALCIFICATION OF THE MITRAL VALVE ANULUS: PATHOLOGY AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., April 1, 1996; 111(4): 718 - 730.
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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
A. F. Carpentier, A. Lessana, J. Y. M. Relland, E. Belli, S. Mihaileanu, A. J. Berrebi, E. Palsky, and D. F. Loulmet
The "Physio-Ring": an advanced concept in mitral valve annuloplasty
Ann. Thorac. Surg., November 1, 1995; 60(5): 1177 - 1186.
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 CirculationHome page
J. A. Odell, H. V. Schaff, and T. A. Orszulak
Early Results of a Simplified Method of Mitral Valve Annuloplasty
Circulation, November 1, 1995; 92(9): 150 - 154.
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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
K.-G. Shyu, J.-J. Chen, F.-Y. Lin, C.-H. Tsai, J.-L. Lin, Y.-Z. Tseng, and W.-P. Lien
Regression of left ventricular mass after mitral valve repair of pure mitral regurgitation
Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 1994; 58(6): 1670 - 1673.
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 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
T. Shimono, H. Yuasa, T. Mizumoto, K. Hatanaka, H. Kusagawa, and I. Yada
New surgical method of chordal replacement for mitral valve incompetence with echocardiographic guidanceAn experimental study
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., October 1, 1994; 108(4): 719 - 726.
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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
C. W. Akins, A. D. Hilgenberg, M. J. Buckley, G. J. Vlahakes, D. F. Torchiana, W. M. Daggett, and W. G. Austen
Mitral valve reconstruction versus replacement for degenerative or ischemic mitral regurgitation
Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 1994; 58(3): 668 - 676.
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 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
C. Zussa, E. Polesel, U. D. Col, M. Galloni, and C. Valfre
Seven-year experience with chordal replacement with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene in floppy mitral valve
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., July 1, 1994; 108(1): 37 - 41.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
K. S. Lee, W. J. Stewart, R. M. Savage, F. D. Loop, and D. M. Cosgrove III
Systolic anterior motion of mitral valve after the posterior leaflet sliding advancement procedure
Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 1994; 57(5): 1338 - 1340.
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 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
A. S. Aharon, H. Laks, D. C. Drinkwater, R. Chugh, R. N. Gates, P. W. Grant, L. C. Permut, A. Ardehali, and E. Rudis
Early and late results of mitral valve repair in children
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., May 1, 1994; 107(5): 1262 - 1271.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
C.-H. Chang, P. J. Lin, J.-P. Chang, J.-J. Chu, M.-J. Hsieh, and C.-W. Chiang
Long-term results of polytetrafluoroethylene mitral annuloplasty
Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 1994; 57(3): 644 - 647.
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 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
A. M. Gillinov, A. Hulyalkar, D. E. Cameron, P. W. Cho, P. S. Greene, B. A. Reitz, R. E. Pyeritz, and V. L. Gott
Mitral valve operation in patients with the Marfan syndrome
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., March 1, 1994; 107(3): 724 - 731.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
P. Perier, B. Clausnizer, and K. Mistarz
Carpentier "sliding leaflet" technique for repair of the mitral valve: Early results
Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 1994; 57(2): 383 - 386.
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 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
M. Nagatsu, K. Ishihara, M. R. Zile, H. Tsutsui, H. Tagawa, G. DeFreyte, R. Tanaka, G. Cooper IV, and B. A. Carabello
The effects of complete versus incomplete mitral valve repair in experimental mitral regurgitation
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., February 1, 1994; 107(2): 416 - 423.
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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
J. Fernandez, D. H. Joyce, K. Hirschfeld, C. Chen, G. W. Laub, M. S. Adkins, W. A. Anderson, J. W. Mackenzie, and L. B. McGrath
Factors affecting mitral valve reoperation in 317 survivors after mitral valve reconstruction
Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 1992; 54(3): 440 - 448.
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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
B. El Asmar, M. Acker, J. P. Couetil, P. Perier, P. Dervanian, S. Chauvaud, and A. Carpentier
Mitral valve repair in the extensively calcified mitral valve annulus
Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 1991; 52(1): 66 - 69.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
C. Zussa, R. W. M. Frater, E. Polesel, M. Galloni, and C. Valfre
Artificial mitral valve chorde: Experimental and clinical experience
Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 1990; 50(3): 367 - 373.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
J. M. Craver, C. Cohen, and W. S. Weintraub
Case-matched comparison of mitral valve replacement and repair
Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 1990; 49(6): 964 - 969.
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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
A. C. Galloway, S. B. Colvin, F. G. Baumann, E. A. Grossi, G. H. Ribakove, S. Harty, and F. C. Spencer
A comparison of mitral valve reconstruction with mitral valve replacement: Intermediate-term results
Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 1989; 47(5): 655 - 662.
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 ANGIOLOGYHome page
T. O. Cheng and J. B. Barlow
Mitral Leaflet Billowing and Prolapse: Its Prevalence Around the World
Angiology, February 1, 1989; 40(2): 77 - 87.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 JAMAHome page
L. H. Cohn
Surgery for Mitral Regurgitation
JAMA, November 18, 1988; 260(19): 2883 - 2887.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
A. Lessana, M. Romano, G. Lutfalla, C. Carbone, E. Palsky, S.-A. Amalou, and M. Escorsin
Treatment of ruptured or elongated anterior mitral valve chordae by partial transposition of the posterior leaflet: Experience with 29 patients
Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 1988; 45(4): 404 - 408.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
L. H. Cohn, W. Kowalker, S. Bhatia, V. J. DiSesa, M. S. John-Sutton, R. J. Shemin, and J. J. Collins Jr.
Comparative Morbidity of Mitral Valve Repair versus Replacement for Mitral Regurgitation with and without Coronary Artery Disease
Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 1988; 45(3): 284 - 290.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
J. P. Murphy Jr., M. S. Sweeney, and D. A. Cooley
The Puig-Massana-Shiley Annuloplasty Ring for Mitral Valve Repair: Experience in 126 Patients
Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 1987; 43(1): 52 - 58.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
P. A. Spence, C. M. Peniston, T. E. David, N. Mihic, A. K. Jabr, P. Narini, and T. A. Salerno
Toward a Better Understanding of the Etiology of Left Ventricular Dysfunction after Mitral Valve Replacement: An Experimental Study with Possible Clinical Implications
Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 1986; 41(4): 363 - 371.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
T. B. Ferguson Jr. and A. S. Wechsler
Testing of Mitral Valve Competence Following Combined Mitral Valve Repair and Aortic Valve Replacement
Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 1985; 40(6): 631 - 633.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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