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The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Vol 84, 523-542, Copyright © 1982 by The American Association for Thoracic Surgery and The Western Thoracic Surgical Association
M Studer, EH Blackstone, JW Kirklin, AD Pacifico, B Soto, GK Chung, JK Kirklin and LM Bargeron Jr
The anatomic and functional characteristics of 310 consecutive patients
undergoing repair of atrioventricular (AV) septal defects were studied. The
characteristics of the six leaflets of the common (139 patients) or
two-orifice (171 patients) AV valve are described. Interventricular
communications were present in 156 patients and major associated cardiac
anomalies in 73 (tetralogy of Fallot 20, double-outlet right ventricle
nine, and others). Fifty-one patients (16%) died in hospital. The
incremental risk of young age disappeared after 1976. Severity of
preoperative AV valve incompetence and New York Heart Association (NYHA)
functional class affected hospital mortality. Current risks for patients
without major associated cardiac anomalies are 0.6% to 4% for patients in
NYHA Class III without an interventricular communication, depending on the
degree of preoperative AV valve incompetence, and 5% to 13% for such
patients with an interventricular communication. Actuarial survival at 12
1/2 years postoperatively is 95% when preoperative AV valve incompetence is
absent or mild and 88% when it is more severe (Grade 3, 4, or 5). Actually,
92% of hospital survivors are alive and in NYHA class I or II. Failure of
the AV valve repair occurred in 32 (10%) of the 310 patients and occurred
more frequently when AV valve incompetence was severe preoperatively. Its
frequency is reduced by current repair techniques, except in patients
without interventricular communication.
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Determinants of early and late results of repair of atrioventricular septal (canal) defects
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