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The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Vol 89, 248-258, Copyright © 1985 by The American Association for Thoracic Surgery and The Western Thoracic Surgical Association

ARTICLES

Long-term (5 to 12 years) serial studies of internal mammary artery and saphenous vein coronary bypass grafts

BW Lytle, FD Loop, DM Cosgrove, NB Ratliff, K Easley and PC Taylor

Serial arteriograms were obtained in 501 patients after coronary bypass grafting. Study I within 5 years of operation (mean interval 15 months) and Study II more than 5 years after (mean interval 88 months, range 60 to 147 months). One hundred patients received both internal mammary artery and saphenous vein grafts: 37, mammary artery grafts only, and 364, vein grafts only. In Study I, 645 (82%) of 786 vein grafts were patent, 42 (5%) stenotic or irregular, and 99 (13%) occluded. Of 140 mammary artery grafts, 136 (97%) were patent, two (2%) stenotic, and two (2%) occluded. Of the 645 vein grafts patent in Study I, 357 (55%) remained patent in Study II, 119 (18%) were stenotic or irregular, and 169 (26%) were occluded. Of 136 mammary artery grafts patent in Study I, 130 (96%) were unchanged, one was stenotic, and five (4%) were occluded in Study II. Early vein graft patency was influenced by the coronary artery grafted and by angina. Progression of vein grafts patent at Study I to stenosis or occlusion at Study II was associated with increasing postoperative interval (p less than 0.00001), interval myocardial infarction (p less than 0.001), angina (p less than 0.001), diabetes (p less than 0.004), hypercholesterolemia (p less than 0.006), and hypertriglyceridemia (p less than 0.02); it was not influenced by the coronary artery grafted. Within 5 years of operation, mammary artery graft patency exceeded vein graft patency. Between 5 and 12 years after operation, the attrition rate of vein grafts greatly exceeded that of mammary artery grafts (p less than 0.0001).


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J.M. Hartman, J.C. Kelder, R.G.A. Ackerstaff, F.E.E. Vermeulen, and A.J.J.C. Bogers
Differences in LIMA Doppler characteristics for different LAD perfusion areas
Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., December 1, 2001; 20(6): 1135 - 1141.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
B. W. Lytle and F. D. Loop
Superiority of Bilateral Internal Thoracic Artery Grafting: It's Been a Long Time Comin'
Circulation, October 30, 2001; 104(18): 2152 - 2154.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
S. D. Fihn, S. V. Williams, J. Daley, and R. J. Gibbons
Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Chronic Stable Angina: Treatment
Ann Intern Med, October 16, 2001; 135(8_Part_1): 616 - 632.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
G.-W. He and Z.-G. Liu
Comparison of Nitric Oxide Release and Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor-Mediated Hyperpolarization Between Human Radial and Internal Mammary Arteries
Circulation, September 18, 2001; 104 (2009): I-344 - I-349.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
M. Nishimoto, S. Takai, S. Kim, D. Jin, A. Yuda, M. Sakaguchi, M. Yamada, Y. Sawada, K. Kondo, K. Asada, et al.
Significance of Chymase-Dependent Angiotensin II-Forming Pathway in the Development of Vascular Proliferation
Circulation, September 11, 2001; 104(11): 1274 - 1279.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
L.-r. Guo, D. A. Steinman, B. C. Moon, W.-K. Wan, and R. J. Millsap
Effect of distal graft anastomosis site on retrograde perfusion and flow patterns of native coronary vasculature
Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 2001; 72(3): 782 - 787.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
H. Jeanmart, L. P. Perrault, N. Desjardins, O. Chavanon, M. Carrier, and J. D. Fonger
Arterial balloon catheter: a new atraumatic device for dilating arterial grafts
Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 2001; 72(3): 810 - 815.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
L.-R. Guo, M. L. Myers, and M. E. Kirk
Incidental malignancy in internal thoracic artery lymph nodes
Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 2001; 72(2): 625 - 627.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
R. Dion, D. Glineur, D. Derouck, R. Verhelst, P. Noirhomme, G. El Khoury, E. Degrave, and C. Hanet
Complementary saphenous grafting: Long-term follow-up
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., August 1, 2001; 122(2): 296 - 304.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 RadiologyHome page
N. Ishida, H. Sakuma, B. P. Cruz, T. Shimono, T. Tokui, I. Yada, K. Takeda, and C. B. Higgins
MR Flow Measurement in the Internal Mammary Artery-to-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: Comparison with Graft Stenosis at Radiographic Angiography
Radiology, August 1, 2001; 220(2): 441 - 447.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
M. Lemma, G. Gelpi, A. Mangini, P. Vanelli, C. Carro, A. Condemi, and C. Antona
Myocardial revascularization with multiple arterial grafts: comparison between the radial artery and the right internal thoracic artery
Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 2001; 71(6): 1969 - 1973.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
M. Nishimoto, S. Takai, Y. Sawada, A. Yuda, K. Kondo, M. Yamada, D. Jin, M. Sakaguchi, K. Asada, S. Sasaki, et al.
Chymase-dependent angiotensin II formation in the saphenous vein versus the internal thoracic artery
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., April 1, 2001; 121(4): 729 - 734.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
M. Ochi, R. Bessho, Y. Saji, M. Fujii, N. Hatori, and S. Tanaka
Sequential grafting of the right gastroepiploic artery in coronary artery bypass surgery
Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 2001; 71(4): 1205 - 1209.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
B. J. Leavitt, G. T. O'Connor, E. M. Olmstead, J. R. Morton, C. T. Maloney, L. J. Dacey, F. Hernandez, and S. J. Lahey
Use of the Internal Mammary Artery Graft and In-Hospital Mortality and Other Adverse Outcomes Associated With Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Circulation, January 30, 2001; 103(4): 507 - 512.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
Z.-G. Liu, X.-C. Liu, A. P.C. Yim, and G.-W. He
Direct measurement of nitric oxide release from saphenous vein: abolishment by surgical preparation
Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2001; 71(1): 133 - 137.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
D. Zabeeda, B. Medalion, S. Jackobshvilli, S. Ezra, A. Schachner, and A. J. Cohen
Comparison of systemic vasodilators: effects on flow in internal mammary and radial arteries
Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2001; 71(1): 138 - 141.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
X. M. Mueller, F. Tinguely, H. T. Tevaearai, J.-P. Revelly, R. Chiolero, and L. K. von Segesser
Pain pattern and left internal mammary artery grafting
Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 2000; 70(6): 2045 - 2049.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 SEMIN CARDIOTHORAC VASC ANESTHHome page
S. L. Meyerson, C. L. Skelly, M. A. Curi, and L. B. Schwartz
Gene Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease
Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, November 1, 2000; 4(4): 289 - 300.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
H. R. Zurbrugg, F. Knollmann, M. Musci, M. Wied, M. Bauer, T. Chavez, A. Krukenberg, and R. Hetzer
The biocompound method in coronary artery bypass operations: surgical technique and 3-year patency
Ann. Thorac. Surg., November 1, 2000; 70(5): 1536 - 1540.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
E. E. Weinschelbaum, A. Macchia, V. M. Caramutti, H. A. Machain, H. A. Raffaelli, M. R. Favaloro, R. R. Favaloro, E. A. Dulbecco, J. A. Abud, M. D. Laurentiis, et al.
Myocardial revascularization with radial and mammary arteries: initial and mid-term results
Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 2000; 70(4): 1378 - 1383.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
Ömeroglu S. N., K. Kirali, M. Guler, M. Erdem Toker, and C. Yakut
Midterm angiographic assessment of coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass
Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 2000; 70(3): 844 - 849.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
T. Shimizu, T. Hirayama, H. Suesada, K. Ikeda, S. Ito, and S. Ishimaru
Effect of flow competition on internal thoracic artery graft: Postoperative velocimetric and angiographic study
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., September 1, 2000; 120(3): 459 - 465.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
M. Hosono, M. Ueda, S. Suehiro, Y. Sasaki, T. Shibata, K. Hattori, and H. Kinoshita
Neointimal formation at the sites of anastomosis of the internal thoracic artery grafts after coronary artery bypass grafting in human subjects: An immunohistochemical analysis
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., August 1, 2000; 120(2): 319 - 328.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
R. Scott, E. H. Blackstone, P. M. McCarthy, B. W. Lytle, F. D. Loop, J. A. White, and D. M. Cosgrove
Isolated bypass grafting of the left internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending coronary arteryLate consequences of incomplete revascularization
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., July 1, 2000; 120(1): 173 - 184.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Asian Cardiovasc. Thorac. Ann.Home page
T. Tezcaner, T. Tezcaner, C. Yorgancioglu, Z. Catav, O. Moldibi, H. Tokmakoglu, K. Suzer, and Y. Zorlutuna
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Without Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, June 1, 2000; 8(2): 97 - 102.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
P. Lamm, G. Juchem, P. Weyrich, A. Schutz, and B. Reichart
The harmonic scalpel: optimizing the quality of mammary artery bypass grafts
Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 2000; 69(6): 1833 - 1835.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Eur Heart JHome page
R.F Veldkamp, S.D.A Valk, R.T van Domburg, L.A van Herwerden, and K Meeter
Mortality and repeat interventions up until 20 years after aorto-coronary bypass surgery with saphenous vein grafts. A follow-up study of 1041 patients
Eur. Heart J., May 1, 2000; 21(9): 747 - 753.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
A. Mailis, M. Umana, and C. M. Feindel
Anterior intercostal nerve damage after coronary artery bypass graft surgery with use of internal thoracic artery graft
Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 2000; 69(5): 1455 - 1458.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
A. Bhan, S. K. Choudhary, A. Mathur, R. Sharma, M. Sahoo, R. Agrawal, and P. Venugopal
Surgical myocardial revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass
Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 2000; 69(4): 1216 - 1221.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
C. F. Chong
New method of myocardial revascularization with the radial artery
Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2000; 69(1): 318 - 318.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
M. Hata, M. Shiono, Y. Orime, S. Yagi, T. Yamamoto, H. Okumura, S.-i. Kimura, A. Sezai, S. Kashiwazaki, S. Choh, et al.
CLINICAL RESULTS OF CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING WITH USE OF THE INTERNAL THORACIC ARTERY UNDER LOW FREE FLOW CONDITIONS
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., January 1, 2000; 119(1): 125 - 129.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Asian Cardiovasc. Thorac. Ann.Home page
E. Kuralay, U. Demirkilic, E. Ozal, B. Oz, F. Cingoz, and H. Tatar
Influence of Lactation on Internal Mammary Artery Size and Flow
Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, December 1, 1999; 7(4): 263 - 266.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
O. M. Shapira, A. Xu, G. S. Aldea, J. A. Vita, R. J. Shemin, and J. F. Keaney Jr
Enhanced Nitric Oxide-Mediated Vascular Relaxation in Radial Artery Compared With Internal Mammary Artery or Saphenous Vein
Circulation, November 9, 1999; 100 (2009): II-322 - II-327.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.Home page
M. Nili, A. Stamler, J. Sulkes, and B. A. Vidne
Preparation of the internal thoracic artery by vasodilator drugs: is it really necessary?: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study
Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., November 1, 1999; 16(5): 560 - 563.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
K. A. Eagle, R. A. Guyton, R. Davidoff, G. A. Ewy, J. Fonger, T. J. Gardner, J. P. Gott, H. C. Herrmann, R. A. Marlow, W. C. Nugent, et al.
ACC/AHA guidelines for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association task force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to revise the 1991 Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery)
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 1999; 34(4): 1262 - 1347.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
Y. Nakayama, R. Sakata, M. Ura, and T.-A. Miyamoto
Coronary artery bypass grafting in dialysis patients
Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 1999; 68(4): 1257 - 1261.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
A. J. Cohen, J. Lockman, M. Lorberboym, O. Bder, N. Cohen, B. Medalion, and A. Schachner
ASSESSMENT OF STERNAL VASCULARITY WITH SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AFTER HARVESTING OF THE INTERNAL THORACIC ARTERY
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., September 1, 1999; 118(3): 496 - 502.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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