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The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Vol 96, 478-484, Copyright © 1988 by The American Association for Thoracic Surgery and The Western Thoracic Surgical Association

ARTICLES

Flow dynamics of peripheral venous catheters during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with a centrifugal pump

RK Wenger, JE Bavaria, MB Ratcliffe, D Bogen and LH Edmunds Jr
Harrison Department of Surgical Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation uses peripherally placed cannulas and a streamlined circuit without a venous reservoir. This study tests the flow dynamics of venous catheters connected without a reservoir directly to a centrifugal pump. During in vitro testing, a 30 cm segment of collapsible tubing interposed between the reservoir and pump simulates the vein. In five sheep, flow was measured between catheters placed in the right atrium and inferior vena cava from peripheral sites. Catheter tip design (four types) does not affect flow within a simulated vein in vitro. Maximum pump flow is independent of filling pressures (6 to 21 mm Hg) in vitro and in vivo when the catheter tip is in a tank reservoir or the right atrium. However, when the catheter tip is within a collapsible segment or in the inferior vena cava, maximal flow is significantly influenced by filling pressure (6 to 18 mm Hg) and by the ratio of catheter outer diameter to venous diameter. At all filling pressures, maximal flow in vivo is significantly reduced when this ratio is greater than 0.5. During extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, central venous pressure and catheter/vein ratio, not catheter size alone, control flow through peripheral venous catheters.

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