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The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Vol 96, 711-716, Copyright © 1988 by The American Association for Thoracic Surgery and The Western Thoracic Surgical Association
A Jaretzki 3d and M Wolff
Removal of all thymic tissue is the goal of surgical treatment of
myasthenia gravis. In this report we describe an operation that predictably
achieves that goal in most patients. The results of surgical-anatomic
studies in 50 consecutive specimens obtained by this technique indicate
that an en bloc transcervical-transsternal "maximal" thymectomy is required
to ensure removal of all available thymus in all patients. This procedure
is recommended for all patients undergoing thymectomy in the treatment of
myasthenia gravis with or without thymoma and in the treatment of thymoma
with or without myasthenia gravis.
ARTICLES
"Maximal" thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Surgical anatomy and operative technique
Department of Surgery, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, N.Y.
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A. V. Bedini Reply. Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 2006; 82(3): 1170 - 1171. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. B. Marshall Invited commentary Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 2004; 78(2): 409 - 410. [Full Text] [PDF]
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C.-P. Hsu, C.-Y. Chuang, N.-Y. Hsu, and S.-E. Shia Subxiphoid approach for video-assisted thoracoscopic extended thymectomy in treating myasthenia gravis Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery, September 1, 2002; 1(1): 4 - 8. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. B. Shrager, M. E. Deeb, R. Mick, C. J. Brinster, H. E. Childers, M. B. Marshall, J. C. Kucharczuk, S. L. Galetta, S. J. Bird, and L. R. Kaiser Transcervical thymectomy for myasthenia gravis achieves results comparable to thymectomy by sternotomy Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 2002; 74(2): 320 - 327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Uchiyama, S. Shimizu, and M. Tanaka Reply Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 2002; 74(2): 634 - 634. [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Uchiyama, S. Shimizu, H. Murai, S. Kuroki, M. Okido, and M. Tanaka Infrasternal mediastinoscopic thymectomy in myasthenia gravis: surgical results in 23 patients Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 2001; 72(6): 1902 - 1905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Salakou, A.C. Tsamandas, D.S. Bonikos, T. Papapetropoulos, and D. Dougenis The potential role of bcl-2, bax, and Ki67 expression in thymus of patients with myasthenia gravis, and their correlation with clinicopathologic parameters Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., October 1, 2001; 20(4): 712 - 721. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Mussi, M. Lucchi, L. Murri, R. Ricciardi, L. Luchini, and C. A. Angeletti Extended thymectomy in myasthenia gravis: a team-work of neurologist, thoracic surgeon and anaesthesist may improve the outcome Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., May 1, 2001; 19(5): 570 - 575. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. C. Ruckert, M. Walter, and J. M. Muller Pulmonary function after thoracoscopic thymectomy versus median sternotomy for myasthenia gravis Ann. Thorac. Surg., November 1, 2000; 70(5): 1656 - 1661. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. G. Grandjean, M. Lucchi, and M. A. Mariani Reversed-T upper mini-sternotomy for extended thymectomy in myasthenic patients Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 2000; 70(4): 1423 - 1424. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Pompeo, I. Nofroni, N. Iavicoli, and T. C. Mineo Thoracoscopic completion thymectomy in refractory nonthymomatous myasthenia Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 2000; 70(3): 918 - 923. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. Jaretzki III, R. J. Barohn, R. M. Ernstoff, H. J. Kaminski, J. C. Keesey, A. S. Penn, and D. B. Sanders Myasthenia gravis: Recommendations for clinical research standards Neurology, July 12, 2000; 55(1): 16 - 23. [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Jaretzki III, R. J. Barohn, R. M. Ernstoff, H. J. Kaminski, J. C. Keesey, A. S. Penn, and D. B. Sanders Myasthenia gravis: recommendations for clinical research standards Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 2000; 70(1): 327 - 334. [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. C. Mineo, E. Pompeo, T. E. Lerut, G. Bernardi, W. Coosemans, and I. Nofroni Thoracoscopic thymectomy in autoimmune myasthenia: results of left-sided approach Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 2000; 69(5): 1537 - 1541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. P. Nieto, M. C. Pajuelo, and J. P. P. Robledo Reply Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2000; 69(1): 314 - 315. [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Venuta, E. A. Rendina, T. De Giacomo, G. Della Rocca, G. Antonini, A. M. Ciccone, C. Ricci, and G. F. Coloni Thymectomy for myasthenia gravis: a 27-year experience Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., May 1, 1999; 15(5): 621 - 625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. C. Mineo, E. Pompeo, and V. Ambrogi Video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy: From the right or from the left? J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., September 1, 1997; 114(3): 516 - 517. [Full Text]
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M. J. Mack, R. J. Landreneau, A. P. Yim, S. R. Hazelrigg, and G. R. Scruggs RESULTS OF VIDEO-ASSISTED THYMECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH MYASTHENIA GRAVIS J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., November 1, 1996; 112(5): 1352 - 1360. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. Masaoka, Y. Yamakawa, H. Niwa, I. Fukai, S. Kondo, M. Kobayashi, Y. Fujii, and Y. Monden Extended Thymectomy for Myasthenia Gravis Patients: A 20-Year Review Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 1996; 62(3): 853 - 859. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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H. Nakamura, Y. Taniguchi, Y. Suzuki, Y. Tanaka, K. Ishiguro, M. Fukuda, H. Hara, and T. Mori DELAYED REMISSION AFTER THYMECTOMY FOR MYASTHENIA GRAVIS OF THE PURELY OCULAR TYPE J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., August 1, 1996; 112(2): 371 - 375. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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F. C. Detterbeck, W. W. Scott, J. F. Howard Jr, T. M. Egan, B. A. Keagy, P. J. K. Starek, M. R. Mill, and B. R. Wilcox One Hundred Consecutive Thymectomies for Myasthenia Gravis Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 1996; 62(1): 242 - 245. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. A. Swain Myasthenia Gravis Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 1995; 60(1): 223 - 224. [Full Text]
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M. Ashour Prevalence of ectopic thymic tissue in myasthenia gravis and its clinical significance J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., April 1, 1995; 109(4): 632 - 635. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 G. B. Blossom, R. M. Ernstoff, G. A. Howells, P. J. Bendick, and J. L. Glover Thymectomy for Myasthenia Gravis Arch Surg, August 1, 1993; 128(8): 855 - 862. [Abstract] [PDF]
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