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J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002;124:863-883
© 2002 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery

Basic Science Review (BSR)

Basic science review: The helix and the heart

Gerald D. Buckberg, MD

From the Department of Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, Calif.

Read at the Eighty-first Annual Meeting of The American Association for Thoracic Surgery, San Diego, Calif, May 6-9, 2001.

Received for publication Oct 12, 2001. Accepted for publication Dec 26, 2001. Address for reprints: Gerald D. Buckberg, MD, UCLA Medical Center, Department of Surgery, 62-258 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1741 (E-mail: gbuckberg@mednet.ucla.edu).

The first 300 words of the full text of this article appear below.

See related editorials on page 884 and 886.

It is an enormous privilege and honor to be asked to give the basic science lecture. Please join me on an adventure that I have taken over the past three years. I described this type of voyage to my daughters many years ago as "discovery," in which you walk down certain common pathways but always see something different on that journey. I will tell you about my concept of how the helix and the heart affect nature, the heart, and the human.

To pursue this new route, I select a comment from my hero, Albert Einstein, who said, "All our science, measured against reality, is primitive and childlike, and yet is the most precious thing we have." We all have to be students, who are often wrong and always in doubt, while a professor is sometimes wrong and never in doubt. Please join me on my student pathway to see something I discovered recently and will now share with you.

The object of our affection is the heart, which is, in reality, a helix that contains an apex. The cardiac helix form, in Figure 1, was described in the 1660s by Lower as having an apical vortex, in which the muscle fibers go from outside in, in a clockwise way, and from inside out, in a counterclockwise direction.


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  		Fig. 1. The helical heart is seen in a, and the apical view in b defines the clockwise and counterclockwise spirals.

 
This combination of clockwise and counterclockwise vortexes is common in nature. For example, within the flower bud of a daisy (Figure 2), there are clockwise and counterclockwise spirals. These flower buds increase in size as they proceed from the center outward. Insertion of a radial line across the spiral curve produces the . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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