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J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;126:287-288
© 2003 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery
Brief communication |
a Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Received for publication September 17, 2002; accepted for publication September 24, 2002.
* Address for reprints: A. Marc Gillinov, MD, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation/F25, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
gillinom@ccf.org
| The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below. |
Most surgical approaches for cure of atrial fibrillation require exposure of the pulmonary vein orifices and the posterior left atrium. Visualization of the left pulmonary veins and posterior left atrium is challenging, particularly in patients with left atrial enlargement. The maze procedure includes incisions that isolate the pulmonary veins, excise the left atrial appendage, and connect the pulmonary vein encircling incision to the mitral annulus.1 Recent modifications of the maze procedure recreate some or all of these lesions by using alternative energy sources that include microwave, radiofrequency, cryothermy, and laser sources.2,3 A new set of specially designed atrial retractor blades that affix to a standard sternal retractor attachment4 was designed to expose
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