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J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005;129:470-472
© 2005 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery

Brief Communications

Advances in tissue engineering: Cell printing

David Varghese, MRCSa,,b,*, Malay Deshpande, MScb, Tao Xu, PhDb, Priya Kesari, MScb, Sunil Ohri, MD, FRCS(CTh)a, Thomas Boland, PhDb

a Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
b Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC

Received for publication June 4, 2004; accepted for publication June 17, 2004.

* Address for reprints: Thomas Boland, PhD, 502 Rhodes, Clemson, SC 29634 (E-mail: tboland@CLEMSON.EDU).

The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below.

Tissue engineering may be defined as the science and engineering of functional tissues and organs for the replacement of diseased body parts.1 Traditionally, this has been done by the seeding of cellular material onto a suitable scaffold material to create 3-dimensional constructs.2 However there are a number of drawbacks to this technique. The degree of cellular penetration is variable and does not proceed uniformly through the scaffold. Organs consist of varied cell types in specific locations, and this is hard to replicate with this technique. Preformed, rigid scaffolds are not suitable for engineering contractile tissues, such as myocardium or vascular conduits. Perhaps the single most limiting factor with solid scaffold design is that of providing the developing structure with a vascular supply. Many of the top-down fabrication techniques that have been developed relate to the manufacture of microelectromechanical devices and are therefore unsuitable for biologic systems. It is therefore necessary to develop other strategies for assembling tissuelike constructs, a strategy that allows the creation of structures with distinct shapes and functions that are nurtured by vascular connectivity incorporating methods of vascularizing large, living, 3-dimensional tissue-engineered constructs.

Adapting bottom-up approaches to tissue engineering is a genuine challenge. Since the first application of fused deposition modeling for . . . [Full Text of this Article]




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